Lake Conservation And Urban Water Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Lake preservation And Urban Water Management surroundal Sciences EssayWater is cardinal of the most classical substances on the earth. Water generates the hydrosphere, circulates in the atmosphere, and infiltrates deep into the reason and moves through the lithosphere and sustains the biosphere. Fresh water bug like lake is a renewable resource following the hydrological cycle, it is not evenly distributed on the earths surface. Lakes atomic tote up 18 large water bodies, which have an important impact on gentle emotions such as security, happiness and creative aspects of behavior. These ar not untainted decorative bodies but ar biological and psychological necessities. Environmentally lakes be one of the important ecosystems. They play a signifi good dealt role in recharge and maintenance of ground water table. They have a big recreational potential in the progress to of water sports, boating and so forth in todays prodigal and stressful life style. In case of emerge ncy, they can serve as source of water for fire fighting etc. They can also be social occasiond for Aquaculture as a source of income. They add to the beauty of the city promoting tourism.The lakes and reservoirs, all over the country are facing degradation. The degradation is payable to encroachments and eutrophication (from domestic and industrial effluents) and choke off accumulation. there has been a considerable increase in urban population particularly after industrial revolution. The human settlements have taken place in and around the ponds and lakes to mitigate their demands, resulting in contaminating the water sources. The need of conservation and Management of Lakes is therefore rightly netherstood by the world alliance and the issues relating Conservation of lakes are on the anvil.In Lentic or lake ecosystems, the age process is just the reverse of lotic or river systems. Where as streams operate to get wider and deeper as they age, lakes tend to get shallower and the banks extend into what was originally string out water. Natural filling is generally collect to wind blown materials (soil, leaves, etc.) launching the system, sediment input by terrestrial run off, aquatic specify and animal debris and eutrophication.Eutrophic lakesWhen the balance is upset between photosynthesis and decomposition due to enrichment of water by in constitutional plant nutrients, either too a lot organic material accumulates without getting decomposed adequately or too umteen bacteria are present and an overabundance of decomposition occurs, the lake is classed as Eutrophic. They are considered to be middle aged systems. They are relatively shallow in comparison to Oligotrophic lakes. They have a silty or mud butt and have sufficient nutrients to support a large population of animals.The accelerate or cultural eutrophication of several waterbodies is ca employ by human activity. Large quantities of mineral nutrients and organic matter are added to the waterbodies in the form of sewage effluents, organic wastes, agricultural run-offs, excreta andThe Process of Eutrophicationfertilizerssewage (liquid domestic Industrial waste)minerals esp. nitratesminerals esp. nitrateseutrophicationalgal bloomcompetition for lightconsumers cant consume fast enoughdead plantsdead algaedetritusmore decomposers office up oxygen by aerobic respiration (increased physique)aerobes die invertebrates, search etc.anaerobic bacteria thrive, release NH4,CH4,H2Sexudates of animals and humans etc. These rear plenty of phosphates, nitrates (mostly of fertilizers applied to agricultural lands, domestic sewage etc.) which lead to dissolute developing of algae and other water plants. A rich microbial and animal population also develops. The process of natural Eutrophication which is generally truly slow , thus gets accelerated. Silt and organic debris accumulates at the nates and the system turns into a shallow muddy pond, then to a marshland and final ly into a dry land. Thus a waterbody which could have been profitable as a reservoir of fresh water and could have helped the growth of fish etc. for hundreds of years becomes integralityly useless at heart a span of few years only.Sources of Lake PollutionThe sources of Pollution can be classified as fixed point sources and Non-point SourcesEFFECTS OF EUTROPICATIONUndesirable effect of EutrophicationAlgal bloomsThe decaying algae, fish, planktons and other organisms cause foul smell.On depletion of oxygen direct and on exhausting nitrate oxygen, sulphates are reduced as a last resort to yield hydrogen sulphide which results in inquisitive smell and putrefied taste of water.The lakes become aesthetically unpleasant.Plant growth and silt hinder recreation activities.Rate of sedimentation increases, which shortens the life span of lakes.Mosquito evil increases ca victimisation health hazards to nearby residents.Steps to moderate EutrophicationPreventive Measures good waster wa ter treatment and removal of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous before discharging the sewerage into waterbodies.Controlling the recycling of nutrients through harvest.Effective disposition of organic matter as sludge.Developing phosphate-free detergents for domestic use.Adopting effective Physico-chemical methods for removal of dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorous compounds.Overcoming the temptation of over-fertilization. curative Measures for EutrophicationControlling eutrophication by applying algaecides such as copper Sulphate, chlorine etc. on susceptible surface waterbodies.Removal of the algal bloom by dredging mechanical means..Underwater weed cutters mounted on boats can be used to remove rooted aquatic plants.Dredges can be used to remove sediments to prevent recycling of nutrients and also for deepening of the lake.Sealing of Lake quarter with polythene sheeting to prevent release of nutrients from sediments.Providing aeration artificially to increa se the DO levels in the lake water.Diluting and or flushing the lake with water from Oligotrophic source.Using Bio remediation techniques.Arresting of nutrientsbiological removal using the ability of some microorganism to take up phosphorous in excess of their immediate nutritional requirements and store it within the cells in the form of polyphosphates. The sludge thus make can be removed from the system.Water Quality NetworkCentral Pollution Control Board pop offed national water quality monitoring in 1978 under Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS), Water course. Monitoring, Programme was started with 24 surface water and 11 groundwater send. Parallel to. GEMS, a National Programme of Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources (MINARS), was started in 1984, with a total of 113 stations spread over 10 river basins. The present network comprises of 870 stations on rivers, lentic water bodies and subsurface waters are elaborated. The number of locations on mainstre am of the major river and their tributaries, medium and minor rivers, lakes, ponds, tanks and other water bodies is disposed in parenthesis. It is estimated that there is more or less 45,000 riverine continuance in India out of which astir(predicate) 6500 km length is having BOD higher than 6 mg/1 and can be branded as polluted, another 8500 km length is moderately polluted having BOD in the range of 3 to 6 Mg/l, and remaining about 30,000 km is relatively clean having BOD of 3 or Management of lakeTrophic verbalize world power in Conservation of Lake Ecosystems.When faced with challenges of trying to describe and organize what is known about the many varied diverse waterbodies, scientists have developed the Trophic State Index (TSI) Classification. This requires minimum data and is generally easy to understand. In the Index total chlorophyll indicates algal biomass and biological productivity and water lucidity is determined by Secchi disc, which indicates the level to which light can penetrate and algae can photosynthesize. TSI is the best and easy method. The range of the index between 40-50 is normally associated with mesotrophy (moderate productivity) values greater than 50 are associated with eutrophy (high productivity), values less than 40 are associated with oligotrophy (low productivity). Thus, the Trophic State Index (TSI) can serve an important tool in conservation of Lakes.Assessing the Hydrologic Characteristics of Lake Catchment Using GISLand use qualify is a dynamic process and if anthropogenic it has most often unbecoming effects on ecological hydrological processes. For better understanding the impacts of changing physiological characteristics on the hydrologic process, geospatial tools like remote sensing and GIS have been found useful. worldly concern Lake VisionThe key to sustainable use of our lakes and wetlands lies in finding a balance between the water needs of human beings and the ability of spirit to meet same over the lo ng term. The WLV has articulated the basic save plan for sustainable use of lake and wet land resources in the form of seven basic principles. Seven Principles for the sustainable lake management are tie in with-Harmony between Nature Man.Drainage Basin.Preventive approach to bother solving.Policy based on sound Science.Conflict Resolution.Stake toters involvement.Good governance.If future water security is to be achieved, there is an urgent need to initiate steps for protection, conservation and sustainable use of precious water resources in general and lakes in particular.Powai Lake A result StudyThe Powai Lake of Mumbai Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is located about 27 Km. away in the North East of Mumbai City. It is an artificial reservoir formed by constructing a masonry impede between two hillocks across the Powai basin in the year 1891. The watershed area of the Powai Lake is 661 hectors. The top level of dam is 58.5 Mtrs. THD (Town Hall Datum), length is about 110 mtrs. and height is varying from 3mtrs.(Min.) to 6.00 Mtrs(Max.).The lake deteriorated due to accelerated growth of residential and commercial premises around the lake and quarry activities in the catchments area. Also there was no proper control on surrounding. Thus, there was an urgent need to evolve the strategy to improve and give the Powai lake surroundings. In the year 1995, under the national Lake Conservation Plan of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Government of India, the Powai Lake of MCGM was reviewed and identified for revival and improvements.The Powai Lake of Mumbai which was deteriorated due to eutrophication is now recovered using bioremediation and aeration technique.Observations before the start of revival work and after the completion of the same.elderParameterUnitsRequired value for Eco balanceValue before the start of Work (March 2002)Values after Completion of the work (April 2003)Top shadowTopBottom1D.O.mg/L522.871.36.055.452C.O.D .mg/L10 to 3057.5103.920.728.93Phosphatemg/L0.01 to 0.0353.9715.6180.01880.01784Nitrate/Nitrogenmg/L0.1 or less2.0633.10.07270.06925pHNo.7 to 8.57.736.987.67.886 add Kjeldahl Nitrogenmg/LN.P.8.912.52.182.027Total Suspended Solidsmg/L10.00 or less65.00131.508.38.28Turbidity in NTUNTUN.P.103.5404.39.37.99Chlorophyll-Amg/m38 to 2528.720.02223.917.9