Game Theory Essay

plot conjecture happens to be a pegleg of applied mathematics which is used in social science. Its main quarry is to capture behaviors but in this case mathematically in strategical situations whither the success of an individual in choice making is largely restricted on the choices that are made by another(prenominal) people. This is the base or the main theme that underlies in the gamy theory. This is the same theme that is hypothetic to be articulated in this article. The originator ignores the fact that back up theory come in different types and only expresses unmatchable type of feeble theory specifically nothing sum and non zero sum high theory.He concentrates only on this type of game theory leaves the reader with little or no information concerning the other types of game theory. (Miller, 2003) However, in the article, the author only concentrates on only one aspect of game theory and goes ahead and offers solutions or recommendations to that one aspect that h e deals with. Game theory has gone ahead and included other aspects in the draw of care other than the competition. This competition was only of one individual base on the expense of the other person which was commonly referred to as zero sum games.These happen to be the only issue that is covered here by the author of this article. I can therefore claim that this article fails to present all the aspects which are involved or which matters as far-off as game theory is concerned. I can therefore say that there is more to game theory and that the recommendations proposed may not be that effective even if implement. Some of the recommendations may therefore be verbalize to deviate from the core subject that is under discussion. (Barnett, 1995) However this does not opine that the article is null and void.The author in the article gives a very good example of the basic concept and the meaning of game theory. By use of the example of the two people in the article, the author pai nts let on a go by picture of the principle of game theory and what is involved. It is clear to understand even to a person who does not have an composition of what game theory is. Further, the author gives recommendations or rather rules of what to do so that one may emerge successfully in any business that he or she may be conducting. (Barnett, 1995)The author may be said to fully address the issue to the game theory on the context that he is viewing form that of competition. In addition, unlike in the other cases where the recommendations that are set are usually impractical, here the author sets the recommendations that are practical in real life and which if they are implemented effectively will help the two organizations succeed in their sole objective of increasing their sales or rather profits. (Miller, 2003) The author similarly familiarized the reader with all the factors that maybe of essence incase one is involved in the business and experiencing these types of prob lems.He covers a larger playing area other than only the game theory gives recommendations which if they are implemented, they result to death penalty of the recommendations of game theory. In conclusion, even though the author fails to deal with the other types of game theories, he has completely discussed this type of game theory big(p) all the recommendations required which would even be applicable to the other game theories if they are implemented as directed. ? References Barnett, F. (1995). Making Game Theory add in Practice. Wall Street Journal , A14. Miller, J. (2003). Game Theory at Work. New York McGraw-Hill Publishers.

Language Teaching and Translation

LANGUAGE direction AND TRANSLATION The use of variation as an inherent part of FLT was dominant until early in the present century. The Grammar-Translation rule, dominant during the first half of the century, unhappy translation and grammatical analysis, and put greater emphasis on accuracy than on fluency, p alludering academic erudition to communicative competence (Titone& Danesi 1985).At the turn of the century, the Grammar-Translation method gradually gave way to the Direct Method (more characteristic of ELT in europium than in America (Rivers 1991)), which advocated maximum exposure to the target terminology, with no repair either to L1 or to translation. During this period, Translation used to be regarded as a necessary evil (Levenston 1985a). The Direct Method made its way real prominently into the field of ELT in the east during the British Mandate (Bamberger 1958).The American behaviorist school (Skinner 1938 Watson 1913) of language teaching ushered in the Audio-l ingual Method, which gruelling on patterns and structure with an emphasis on drill and technique. The product, not the process, was central there was to be minimal explanation of rules and no recourse to translation (Larsen-Free-man 1962). The reaction to the audio-lingual method, grounded in the Chomskian Revolution, was the Communicative Approach (Ministry of Education 1988 Savignon 1987).Communicative competence has come to be used in language teaching contexts to refer to the ability to negotiate meaning, to successfully combine a knowledge of linguistic and sociolinguistic rules in communicative interactions(Savignon 1987 16). At the same time, the advance of cognitive psychology, which was also influenced by the Chomskian revolution, made an impact on ELT (Titone & Danesi 1985). The findings of cognitive psychology indicated that deductive, or rule-based, strategies play a prominent voice in language instruction.Deductive teaching methods are therefore based on the learni ng principles of cognitive psychology and its linguistic counterpart, transformationalism, and are generally known as cognitive-code procedures (Titone & Danesi 1985 110). The role of the teacher is to recognize the importance of mental activity in learning (Chastain 197192). Teachers of FLT were now called upon to address the problems of consciousness raising. (Bialystok 1986, 1988 Carrel 1989 Castillo 1991 Cohen 1986 Gerloff 1986 Hosenfeld 1978 Kern 1989 Rivers 1991 Rubin 1975 Templeton 1989 Thomas 1988 Vieira 1991 Wenden & Rubin 1987).It came to be realized that the study of translation skills might have value as a means of raising the learners linguistic awareness with regard to his or her native as well as to the foreign language (Boersch 1986 cartonful 1966, cited by Rubin 1986 Faerch Kasper 1986 Hosenfeld 1978 Lehmann 1986 Levenston 1985b Loerscher 1986 Ministry of Education 1990 Naiman 1978, quoted by Levenston 1985a Rosenblith, stated in Ackerman 1992 Sharwood Smith 1981 Titford 1983).The unsuited analysis of the two languages, L1 and L2, which accompanies the translation process, is presumed to heighten the learners metalinguistic awareness of both languages and to facilitate their perception as abstract language systems.

Classification of Laws

Classification of righteousnesss An valuable method of classifying impartialityfulness is according to the organisation in which it is created. jet rectitude Rules of police forcefulness created by the flirts through juridical decisions. Courts incur law as part of the influence of deciding cases and controversies before them. The case law created in this serve is ground on a ism known as stargon decisis. This doctrine is based on the notion that prior decisions provide guidance that should be followed in subsequent cases involving the same questions of law.Thus, where a rule of law has been announced and followed by courts so that the rule has perform settled by judicial decision, a precedent is established for future cases. The common law system originated in England. Therefore, beca example of our nations close historical association with England, the common law system is of significant importance in the United States. Indeed, umteen state constitutions specifi cryy adopted the common law of England as the low gear point of those states good systems. Civil law systems found in France and Spain be quite different from the common law system. The cultivated law systems blaspheme primarily on legislative enactments, rather than judicial decisions, for law. Any court in a civilized law system must elongate to the legislation for the answer to a jural issue. The courts decisions do not become precedent. Future cases also must be resolved by address to applicable legislation. Only Louisiana, among the various states, follows a civil law system. This is due to Louisianas historical ties with France. Public law An other(a) manner of classifying the law is to divide it into matters of public law and matters of private law. public law involves those matters that involve the regulation of society as opposed to individuals interacting. Examples of public law include constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law. oConstitutional la w involves the interpretation and exercise of either the federal or a state constitution. oAdministrative law describes the sanctioned principles that apply to government agencies, bureaus, boards, and commissions. Criminal law encompasses on the whole level-headed aspects of crime. In each of these areas, society, or the batch, are directly involved in the issues. Their interests are represented by a governmental agency, officer, or official whose bargain it is to see that justice is accomplished and the ends of society achieved. Public law provides a major portion of the legal environment of business. hole-and-corner(a) law encompasses those legal problems and relationships that exist between individuals. Private law is traditionally separated into the law of contracts, the law of torts, and the law of property. Contract law addresses agreements between two parties. tort law addresses defiles other than a breach of contract, by which one ships company injures another. Pro perty law deals with all aspects of ownership and possession of both obvious things and intangible rights. Our whole economic system is based upon the rights of individuals to acquire and use private property. Another means of classifying the law is to divide it into Civil Law and Criminal Law, For administrative purposes, courts usually separate criminal actions from all other typefaces.Civil cases may include suits for breach of contract or tort cases, such as suits for mortalal injuries. Typically, they involve a request for redress or other appropriate relief that does not involve penalisation of the wrongdoer. Criminal cases involve a representative of government attempting to prove the wrong committed against society and seeking to have the wrongdoer punished by the court system. all-important(a) Law and Procedural Law Another important classification or distinction in law is between depicted object and procedure.Substantive law defines the legal relationship of people w ith other people or between them and the state. Thus, the rules of law governing the creation or enforcement of a contractual promise are substantive in nature. Procedural law deals with the method and means by which substantive law is made and administered. The judgment of conviction allowed for one party to sue another and the rules of law governing the process of the lawsuit are examples of procedural laws. Thus, substantive rules of law define rights and duties, season procedural rules of law provide the machinery for enforcing those rights and duties.Judicial procedures involve the conduct of lawsuits and appeals and the enforcement of judgments. The rules for conducting civil trials are different from those for criminal trials. For example, each party may call the other party to the witness stand for cross-examination in a civil trial, but the defendant may not be required to testify in a criminal case. Procedural problems sometimes arise concerning paper filed in lawsuits, the admission of evidence, and various other techniques involved in move the case. They are the rules of the game.Next, you will study these procedural aspects of law in great depth. In summary, For instance, Common Law was created with the purpose of establishing a set of legal rules based on previous court decisions made on standardised cases, and these decisions may or may not be regulated by any already existing statutes. This form of law is based on the stare decisis doctrine. In contrast to the common law, Civil Law is strung-out on statutes, where decisions are made based on established legislative rules, therefore prior decisions from judges do not take precedence.The hour classification is based on the differentiation between Public and Private law, where public law relates to societal influences and governing structures, whereas private law deals with upholding the legal rights of individuals. Another common classification introduced is that of Civil and Criminal law s, in which the courts make a distinction between laws that pertain to the deliberate perpetration of a criminal wrongdoing, from laws that were established to enforce and ascertain the outcome of a lawsuit between disputing parties.Finally, laws can also be classified as Substantive or Procedural laws, where substantive laws address the rights and duties that protect every person within our society, and the application of procedural laws, which governs and enforces the rules that assist in controlling the air of all the officers, governing bodies, and other members that form our judicial system. All members of the build up forces must adhere to military rules enforced by a memorial known as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and this document provides all necessary guidelines in the compliance of the various articles delineated in the document.In addition, we must also comply with federal, state and local regulations. For example, in ordinance to avoid fines and legal repris als, and also due to the technical nature of our operative environment, rules and regulations generated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and health Administration (OSHA) must be adopted and enforced, ensuring the safety of personnel and environmental stability.

International studies Essay

1. blood and Economics WEEK 4 Theories of International Trade and Investment2. commerce is a bankrupt scheme that has no place in the groundbreaking world. Discuss.3. Mercantilism a country should maintain a mint surplus, tied(p) if that means that imports are limited by government intervention. Bankrupt theory because Inconsistent with the general notion of globalization. Eventu altogethery, a country will beat it difficult to export if it imposes oppressive quotas and tariffs on its imports. Consumers in the mercantilist country suffer. Denied vex to either cheaper or more sophisticated goods from other countries.4. Is kick peck fair? Discuss.5. Trade theory suggests that specialization and free parcel out benefits each(prenominal) countries. However, a case can be made in just about situations for imposing trade barriers. E.g. Infant industry argument National earnest6.What are the potential costs of adopting a free trade governing? Do you think governments sh ould do anything to reduce these costs? What?7. Job detriment Government should provide retraining programs OR Do nothing, it will all come out in the wash8. THE RISE OF BANGLADESHS framework TRADE (PG. 206) CLOSING CASE9. Why was the shift to a free trade regime in the fabric industry good for Bangladesh?10. Until 2005, Bangladeshs opportunities in the developed nations were governed by a quota system. Introduction of free trade policies enabled Bangladesh to increase its exports. Competitive advantage in the production of materials. first gear cost, reproductive labour force. strong network of supporting industries. Also, attracted Western importers looking to qualify their supplier base.11. Who benefits when retailers in the United States source textiles from low wage countries such(prenominal) as Bangladesh? Who might lose? Do the gains outweigh the losses?12. BANGLADESH low cost, lower price competitive advantage US Higher price fewer garments purchased locally Possib le job loss13. What international trade theory, or theories, best explain the rise of Bangladesh as a textile exporting powerhouse?14. Exporting powerhouse Relatively low wages. Investments in boosting productivity levels. Network of supporting industries. Theory of comparative advantage hall porters theory of competitive advantage15. How secure is Bangladeshs textile industry from foreign competition? Whatfactors could ultimately lead to a disdain?16. Bangladesh is attractive due to low cost garments the opportunity for importers to diversify their tote up base (Importers do not want to solely deposit on China and see Importers do not want to solely rely on China and see Bangladesh as an attractive alternative to parry risks. However, their infrastructure could prove to be problematic for its exporters. If importers find that infrastructure problems discontinue their supplies, they could begin to look for new source countries. Bangladesh should make the necessary inv estments to turn away any disruptions in the industry.17. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK NEXT WEEK

Case Study Of The Jaipur Rail Project Environmental Sciences Essay

An efficient system of determination devising for sustainable socio economical development, with an effectual environsal direction of the beginnings of environmental impact and effects of much(prenominal) impacts, need to be put in topographic point in order to implement the authorities policy of environmental protection and prophylactic at the regional point in time. Sustainable development is the consequence of c atomic number 18fully incorporating environmental, economic and societal demands in the policy degree to accomplish both an change magnitude criterion of life in the short term, and a net rundown or equilibrium among human, natural and economic resources to back up future coevalss. This EIA cogitation is to set up present environmental conditions along the proposed Jaipur pipe Corridors Predict the impacts on relevant environmental properties due to the building and subroutine of the proposed projection and urge equal p eachiation steps to minimise / concentrate down minacious impacts. The information presented in this subdivision is drawn from associate beginnings such as studies, field studies and environment monitoring. Majority of informations on urine quality, flora, air and hinderance quality was collected during field surveies in November 2009 to Feb. 2010. Furthermore, usable guidelines, monitoring, and station closing steps were suggested. The process followed and recommendations made by this stick with may function as counsel for contrivers and determination shapers to carry on EIA for landfills under similar conditions.Cardinal words EIA ( environmental Impact sagaciousness ) , EPA ( Environmental Protection Act ) EPR ( Environmental Protection Regulation ) , EIS ( Environmental Impact Statement ) , EIA system and procedure.IntroductionThe chief purpose of the EIA survey is to set up present environmental conditions along the proposed jaipur tube corridors cry the impacts on relevant environmental properties due to the building and mathematical outgrowth of the proposed attempt and urge equal extenuation steps to minimize/reduce inauspicious impacts. The different constituents of environment in which alterations argon likely to happen entangle H2O, land, air, ecology, noise, socio-economic issues, etc.The aims of the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) survey for the proposed Undertaking are to the elements of the environment probably to be affected by the proposed developments to set up the baseline environmental and societal scenario of the labour boorish to place and appraise emanation beginnings and find the significance of impacts on sensitive receptors, to foretell and peak environmental and societal impacts expected during the building and operation stages of the undertaking, to measure the mentation of the populace as observe in the public hearing, including the suggestions given by the populace and the response of the undertaking governments, to develop extenuation steps s o as to minimise pollution, environmental perturbation and nuisance during building and trading operations of the development, to plan and stipulate the monitoring demands necessary to guarantee the execution and the effectuality of the extenuation steps suggested and to work out the cost of environmental extenuation and monitoring demands.The environment impact appraisal is normally carried out in eight stairss each of which has an equal importance in finding the boilers suit public presentation of the undertaking.Location and Physical geographyJaipur popularly cognise as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan. Jaipur is located at 26A55a?N 75A49a?Ei? / i?26.55AN 75.52AEi? / . It has an mean lift of 431A metres ( 1417A foot ) . The meteoric status prevail at the undertaking path during the survey twelvemonth is given to a lower place in Table 1.All the monitoring station are selected with in ergocalciferol m from the path.Table 1 Meteorologic Data ( IMD )ParametersMaximum negligibleAverageTemperature45.4EsC5.0EsC30EsCRelative Humidity61 %17 %50.66 %Wind fastness28 kmph0 kmph14.9 kmphWind DirectionPredominant air incumbent way are NW and NERain613.6 millimeter offshoot IMD, JaipurFig.1. Proposed corridor Fig.2. Methodology of EIAFig.3 Satellite map demoing monitoring station.Methodology The different constituents of environment in which alterations are likely to happen include H2O, land, air, ecology, noise, socio-economic issues, etc, hence all these parametric quantity are analyzed Land H2O and diddlyshit analysis The groundwater and dirt quality in the survey country is account to be good. However, laboratory analyses were done for a limited figure of samples, the interior informations of which are provided in Tables and 3Air quality Degrees of SPM, RSPM are on the higher side for the sensitive countries. However SPM in Ajmeri gate is highest internal Ambient Air Quality Standards. This is because of the highest traffic in the country. In the otherwise countries besides the SPM are higher due to heavy traffic. Chand Pole is the meddling country where one can see assorted residential and commercialised land usage. Degrees of SO2 and NOX are good within the prescribed limit of NAAQS at all receptors.Noise degree It can be observed that the noise degrees are good within the criterions. The twenty-four hours noise degree was found to be highest at Chand Pole Gate, which is one of the busiest intersections of the metropolis.Environmental care PlanBased on the environmental baseline conditions, planned undertaking activities and its impact assessed, the set of steps to be taken during execution and operation to avoid, countervail inauspicious environmental impacts or to cut down them to unobjectionable degrees, together with the action which needs to be taken to be implement are given in this subdivision.Conclusions & A RecommendationsBased on undertaking specifics and bing environmental conditions possible impact s have been identified that are likely to leave from the proposed undertaking and where possible these have been quantified in table 4.Harmonizing to study, about 1158 trees are likely to be lost due to the undertaking along the alliance. ten times the figure of trees is proposed to be planted. Hence a 9000 workss are postulate to be planted in the undertaking country at a entire cost of Rs. 13 hundred thousand. It is presumed that authorities land lead be provided for afforestation hence no land cost will be involved. The recommended works species for afforestation include Khejari, Castor, Roida ( sheesham ) , Khair, Kair, Harsingar, lemon, pepal, ber, babool, neem, sirus, ..gulmohar, arjun, papri, bottle brash, amla etcThe public wellness installations such as H2O supply sanitation and lavatories are much needed at undertaking location. Water should be treated before usage upto WHO criterions. decently designed rain H2O reaping systems will be installed at all Stationss to c onserve H2O. There will be an addition in noise degree in ambient air due to building and operation of metro rail. The addition in degrees is fringy therefore local commonwealth will non be adversely affected. However, the impression of workers to high noise degrees peculiarly near engine, blowhole shaft, etc. necessitate to be minimized. This can be achieved by occupation rotary motion, mechanization, protective devices, noise barriers, and soundproof compartments, concord suites, etc. The workers employed in high noise degree country could be employed in low noise degree countries. mechanization of equipment and machineries, wherever possible should be done to avoid uninterrupted exposure of workers to resound. At work topographic points, where mechanization of machineries is non possible, the workers exposed to resound should be provided with protective devices. Particular acoustic enclosures should be provided for single noise cause forthing equipments, wherever possible. Vibration emanates from rail-wheel interaction and the same can be cut back by minimising surface abnormalities of wheel and rail, bettering path geometry, supplying elastic fasteners, and disengagement of rail place assembly from the concrete pedestal with interpolation of vital and daze absorbing tablet.

Old town white coffee market niche Essay

All the store of Old township Coffee washrag were located at mellow traffic, high visible location in each Asia market. That the market entry strategies have found to be apply by OldTown White Coffee in managing their foreign franchisees when expanding into Asia include achieve franchising and company owner-stores. The marketing approach is essential to gain a agonistic advantage for OldTown White Coffee in the foreign market the ready included market entry, site location, and market positioning. Reason for Old Town White Coffee to choose master franchise as its spend a penny of franchising is because of that the master franchising was the most popular made of entry into distant and ethnic dissimilar market Asia.SWOT ANALYSISSTRENGTHThe profits obtained by Old town white coffee are quite high compared to other coffee shops in Malaysia. It offers other foods, such as intemperately food apart from coffee. Has many branches throughout Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and many other countries.impuissanceIt depends on the coffee and makes them difficult to diversify their product. Innovation is slow because it mostly depends on one product only.OPPORTUNITIESAble to expand its operation to ball-shaped market to be introduced throughout ASEAN. Able to re-brands and to compete with other company using the same material.THREATSProduct imitation is very high because they are mainly using coffee which is common. There is a lot of arguing both worldwide and locally.Consequences from increasing the price of materials which they have use testament be to make the price product is also increase.

Conceptualizing a Business

Strategic Plan, Part 1 Conceptualizing a job Atonio Latu slew / 475 February 10th, 2013 Sarita Wesley, Ph. D. Strategic Plan, Part 1 Conceptualizing a Business scratch a union such as TL cover receipts requires strategical plans and the factors that go verboten support the business rebelment start-up stages. TL concrete is a small troupe with five employees planning and implementing supporters. The comp both issues portions on cover drive counsellings, patio, and side-walks. The guild offers free estimate, low be, and 5 years see on every job.It is full of life for the familiarity to stress and develop the sort out committal, day-dream, and set. These of the essence(predicate) factors allow for act as a channel map to guide and maintain the participations destructions customers contentment and profitability. TL cover mission bid will define the friendships goals. A good visual modality statement translates direction and map for the participation to follow through. Core prize identifies the importance of the employees and their behavior toward the companys goals. Concrete run is a good business because heap everlastingly need hard driveway surface, smooth walk way right(prenominal) the house, and a patio for the outdoor activities.The company will estimate, stress the base or the platform, pour the concrete, and remove dirt and trash afterward. It will court to a greater extent to install new surface than to replace the endureing one. integrity of the advantages of this type of service is that concrete is pre- blend in or seduce intermix by a nonher service provider. The same service provider that ready mix the cements as well as deliver and pour the concrete at the pass on site. The cost of the cement is including in the estimate. TL Concrete future mark is to provide administer for commercial buildings and commercial complexes.A nonher future plan for this company is to acquire public contract on major projects. The companys peculiarity relies on the look of the employees to provide services, but also the experience of the company to conduct business. Strong relations between the company and its customers will guarantee to maintain trusty customers. The company will adjust and change to any future internal and external factors that will affect the company. For example, to the highest degree(prenominal) customers argon using level(p) cement on their driveways and walkways. Now, people atomic number 18 commencement to use the stamping driveway which cost twice as much as the standard type.TL Concrete will provide information to those who needs surfaces because everyone else is work shift to the new format. It is the company obligation to relieve and provide data and explain the benefit and the disadvantage of the new products. We consider our mission statement a promise to our customers, and deliver on that promise (Bill Gates, 2013). A mightily mission statement will keep the company reduce on its goal regardless of any changes occur within the business. TL Concrete aid mission statement should read, We provide customers with the outperform quality concrete service at low monetary determine since 1990.The company ensures that these words are not created to do the wall plaque these words are to get crossways the bearing and the objective of the company. The mission statement identify the most important report behind the company best quality service. The year 1990 indicated that customers trust this company and keep it operational for these years despite the economy downturn. on that point were numerous happy concrete company operated prior to 2008, the downfall of our economy. Customers were sounding for the companies that provide the best concrete service, money was no object.Customers were paying more that the regular rate to attract better services. The post 2008 changed how companies approached their customers, and how loyal cu stomers approached these companies. Companies filed for failure and the cements manufactures raise the price of the pure cement which in turn increases the price of the concrete. A mission statement will keep TL Concrete go to concentre on generating profits and customers satisfaction. The deal statement is also vital to the strategy plan of the company. It reveled to the loyal customers and the potential customers the purport and the tools use to litigate the company tasks.I enjoy reading the Allstate Insurance because it is short and brings out the character of this company. Allstate vision statement reads to reinvent protection and retirement for the consumer (Bright Hub, 2010). TL concrete should provide a vision statement that indicates the same social occasion as the Allstate Insurance, to guarantee how the employees understand the individual tasks as well as the squad work. TL Concrete vision statement should read To serve our loyal customers and potential customers thorough honesty and respect for anyone we provide service to.The vision statement indicates the importance of the customers and strive the company to wedge focus and the purpose customers satisfaction. The companys vision also generates the company values because customers be respect and honesty for the company. The company should have a bun in the oven the value of doing the right topic because it is the right thing to do. This attitude generates moral value, ethical standard, and integrity. These are the introductory foundation of the code of values created by TL Concrete. incorrupt values consist of trustworthy, loyal, and courteous.Ethical standard is doing the right thing to provide the best service available to the company and the customers. Honesty is the best policy, and integrity keeps the employees focus on the values indicated by the company. These values will earn the companys reputation and in turn, attract more customers. The company should value the customers f eedback and their suggestions of not only what needs to be done, but how to proceed with the work. delegacy statement, vision statement and values are three important models that most successful companies accepted.These models create concepts of prospect, directions, values, and opportunities for the company and its customers. These models of strategic plan co-exists, one accompaniment cannot exist without the others. I believe there are companies that do not have vision statement. Kevin Clancy, a marketing researcher wrote, A a couple of(prenominal) people around the table began to describe the brands world(prenominal) billet strategy, but it had nothing to do with what we would call a vision. It was not horizontal much of a positioning. Eventually a manager from England asked, What do you fee-tail by vision? (Clancy, 2012).A vision statement brings hope, dreams, and the reason to stay operational. perpetration, Vision, and value each presented different meaning to the comp anys goals. Mission is the goal, vision is the purpose, and value is what takes to accomplish the goals. References Bright Hub. (12/2010). The hub for the bright minds. Retrieved from http//www. brighthub. com Kevin J. Clancy. (2012). Shocking impartiality of the Month. Retrieved from http//www. thekevinclancy. com Microsoft Accessibility. (2013). Mission. Retrieved from http//www. microsoft. com/ change/microsoft/mission. aspxConceptualizing a BusinessStrategic Plan, Part 1 Conceptualizing a Business Atonio Latu BUS / 475 February 10th, 2013 Sarita Wesley, Ph. D. Strategic Plan, Part 1 Conceptualizing a Business Starting a company such as TL Concrete Service requires strategic plans and the factors that will support the business development start-up stages. TL Concrete is a small company with five employees planning and implementing services. The company provides services on concrete drive ways, patio, and side-walks. The company offers free estimate, low cost, and 5 years guarant ee on every job.It is vital for the company to seek and develop the right mission, vision, and values. These important factors will act as a road map to guide and maintain the companys goals customers satisfaction and profitability. TL Concrete mission statement will define the companys goals. A good vision statement provides direction and purpose for the company to follow through. Core value identifies the importance of the employees and their behavior toward the companys goals. Concrete service is a good business because people always need hard driveway surface, smooth walk way outside the house, and a patio for the outdoor activities.The company will estimate, form the foundation or the platform, pour the concrete, and remove dirt and trash afterward. It will cost more to install new surface than to replace the animate one. One of the advantages of this type of service is that concrete is pre-mix or ready mix by another service provider. The same service provider that ready mix the cements also deliver and pour the concrete at the requested site. The cost of the cement is including in the estimate. TL Concrete future endeavor is to provide services for commercial buildings and commercial complexes.Another future plan for this company is to obtain public contract on major projects. The companys strength relies on the experience of the employees to provide services, but also the experience of the company to conduct business. Strong relations between the company and its customers will guarantee to maintain loyal customers. The company will adjust and adapt to any future internal and external factors that will affect the company. For example, most customers are using regular cement on their driveways and walkways. Now, people are starting to use the stamping driveway which cost twice as much as the standard type.TL Concrete will provide data to those who needs surfaces because everyone else is switching to the new format. It is the company obligation to explai n and provide data and explain the benefit and the disadvantage of the new products. We consider our mission statement a promise to our customers, and deliver on that promise (Bill Gates, 2013). A powerful mission statement will keep the company focus on its goal regardless of any changes occur within the business. TL Concrete Service mission statement should read, We provide customers with the best quality concrete service at low prices since 1990.The company ensures that these words are not created to decorate the wall plaque these words are to get across the purpose and the objective of the company. The mission statement identify the most important idea behind the company best quality service. The year 1990 indicated that customers trusted this company and keep it operational for these years despite the economy downturn. There were many successful concrete company operated prior to 2008, the downfall of our economy. Customers were looking for the companies that provide the best c oncrete service, money was no object.Customers were paying more that the regular rate to attract better services. The post 2008 changed how companies approached their customers, and how loyal customers approached these companies. Companies filed for bankruptcy and the cements manufactures raised the price of the pure cement which in turn increases the price of the concrete. A mission statement will keep TL Concrete Service to focus on generating profits and customers satisfaction. The vision statement is also vital to the strategy plan of the company. It reveled to the loyal customers and the potential customers the purpose and the tools used to accomplish the company tasks.I enjoy reading the Allstate Insurance because it is short and brings out the purpose of this company. Allstate vision statement reads to reinvent protection and retirement for the consumer (Bright Hub, 2010). TL concrete should provide a vision statement that indicates the same purpose as the Allstate Insurance, to guarantee how the employees understand the individual tasks as well as the team work. TL Concrete vision statement should read To serve our loyal customers and potential customers thorough honesty and respect for anyone we provide service to.The vision statement indicates the importance of the customers and strive the company to stay focus and the purpose customers satisfaction. The companys vision also generates the company values because customers deserve respect and honesty for the company. The company should have the value of doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do. This attitude generates moral value, ethical standard, and integrity. These are the basic foundation of the code of values created by TL Concrete. Moral values consist of trustworthy, loyal, and courteous.Ethical standard is doing the right thing to provide the best service available to the company and the customers. Honesty is the best policy, and integrity keeps the employees focus on the valu es indicated by the company. These values will earn the companys reputation and in turn, attract more customers. The company should value the customers feedback and their suggestions of not only what needs to be done, but how to proceed with the work. Mission statement, vision statement and values are three important models that most successful companies accepted.These models create concepts of prospect, directions, values, and opportunities for the company and its customers. These models of strategic plan co-exists, one item cannot exist without the others. I believe there are companies that do not have vision statement. Kevin Clancy, a marketing researcher wrote, A few people around the table began to describe the brands global positioning strategy, but it had nothing to do with what we would call a vision. It was not even much of a positioning. Eventually a manager from England asked, What do you mean by vision? (Clancy, 2012).A vision statement brings hope, dreams, and the reaso n to stay operational. Mission, Vision, and value each presented different meaning to the companys goals. Mission is the goal, vision is the purpose, and value is what takes to accomplish the goals. References Bright Hub. (12/2010). The hub for the bright minds. Retrieved from http//www. brighthub. com Kevin J. Clancy. (2012). Shocking Truth of the Month. Retrieved from http//www. thekevinclancy. com Microsoft Accessibility. (2013). Mission. Retrieved from http//www. microsoft. com/enable/microsoft/mission. aspx

Common Ion Effect in Equilibrium

Dis dissolver and precipitation reactions are very important chemical reactions because it is applied to many aspects of the industries in medicine, food, pee etc. The objectives of this testing groundoratory essay is to become familiar with dis origin and precipitation equilibria, develop a lab technique suitable for the determination of the solvability for a sparingly oil-soluble salt, Ba(NO3)2 (s) at room temperature and measure the ordinary ion effect in solvability of Ba(NO3)2 (s) in an acidic declaration, HNO3 (aq).Procedure In this lab, the evaporation technique was utilise to determine the solvability of the salt at room temperature in water. initiatory a 250ml beaker was weighed and the jalopy was recorded. Then 5. 0g of atomic number 56 nitrate was weighed into the beaker. Next, 50ml of distilled water was added to the beaker with the atomic number 56 nitrate sample. The sample was mixed for ten minutes using the magnetised stirrer. Afterwards, as much as poss ible of the barium nitrate solution was decanted without losing the solid barium nitrate.To get rid of the excess water, the beaker placed onto a hot plate to evaporate the remaining water I the beaker. angiotensin-converting enzyme the sample was dry, the mass of the beaker with the dry barium nitrate was weighed, and the mass of the barium nitrate dissolve was calculated. This procedure was repeated for the barium nitrate in acidic solution, HNO3(aq). All data was recorded and the mass of barium nitrated turn in acid was calculated.Results/Discussion From the evaporation technique, 4. 39g of barium nitrate dissolve in water and 2. 4g of barium nitrate turn in the acid. From that the soaking up of barium nitrate in its consummate(a) solution in water was 0. 336mol/L and 0. 179mol/L in HNO3. The concentration of Ba2+(aq) ions in saturated solution is the same as the concentration of the saturated barium nitrate solution by dissociation of barium nitrate ions into one inguen of Ba2+ (aq) for all one mole of Ba(NO3)2(s).The NO3- concentration however is double the concentration of barium nitrate due to the dissociation of 2 moles of NO3- for every one mole of Ba(NO3)2(s) plus the concentration ofNO3- due to the dissociation of HNO3(aq). This came out to be 0. 672mol/L in water and 0. 858mol/L in azotic acid. The solvability of barium nitrate in water was calculated to be 87. 8g/L and 46. 8g/L in HNO3 acid. The molar solubility of the barium nitrate was by comment the same as the concentration of barium nitrate in its saturated solution which was 0. 336mol/L solubility in water and 0. 179mol/L for the solubility in acid.The solubility product invariable for barium nitrate in water was calculated using the tasteal data to be 0. 52 in water and 0. 132 in HNO3 acid. From the results, it can be seen that the concentration of dissolved barium nitrate in water is more that the concentration of dissolved barium nitrate in nitric acid. And from that it is also seen that the solubility constant of barium nitrate in water is also more than the solubility constant of barium nitrate in nitric acid. These results prove that the common ion effect had decreased the solubility of barium nitrate.The presence of NO3- ions in nitric acid and in barium nitrate caused the common ion effect because correct before the barium nitrate dissolution in nitric acid, it already has the initial concentration of NO3- ions produced by nitric acid dissociation. The deviation of experimental values for solubility of barium nitrate in water and in nitric acid was 44. 7% and Ksp deviation was 13. 2%. This is correct because the solubility of barium nitrate in water is supposed to be greater than the solubility in nitric acid.ConclusionFrom the experiment, it can be seen that the solubility of barium nitrate in water is greater than the solubility of barium nitrate in nitric acid. This is due to the common ion, NO3-, in barium nitrate and nitric acid. The acid disso ciation yielded a concentration of this ion already, so the dissociation of this ion from barium nitrate is an additional concentration of the ion. This is called the common ion effect. The experiment took the evaporation technique approach, but there are other ship canal to carry out this experiment to determine the solubility of barium nitrate. atomic number 53 of such was is by using a specific amount of barium nitrate and dissolving it slowly in water until precipitation occurs. From that the amount that was dissolved will be known by taking the mass of the remaining amount of barium nitrate. This procedure was carried out as well during the lab experiment to test the experiments accuracy. From the results, it showed that more barium nitrate was dissolved using the evaporation technique. This is because in the alternate technique, it is sullen to determine when the salt begins to precipitate therefore it is not as dead-on(prenominal) as the evaporation technique.

Is Warfare in Nature of Man? Essay

contend has al steerings been a companion of man and a image of human existence. In the human explanation save few eld fork over been absolutely peaceful when all sights of the globe lived in association or at least without remainders. Already the fist weapons, invented by man, could be used as weapons of contend. So guard fundament be called an arrogate of humans same as mind, or ability to walk on two legs. A question whether force is caused by inborn or tender determinants is, perhaps, as old as history. Once to a greater extent it has been communicate by Marg bet Meade in her contendf ar An Invention Not a biologic Necessity.She argues, that primitive indigenous societies have no approximation of state of state of war and puts in the Eskimos as example. So she believes, that war is a matter of social existence and humans have invented war in the course history just as they invented a wheel. Under Meade, humans have no inborn tendency to war and there be no accusive factors for a war to arise. War as she puts it, is a method invented to split bookings, equal to other(a) differences resolution methods much(prenominal) as courts and negotiations.This paper is to battle such position and prove, that war is in fact in the personality of man and it is inevitable for man, so it is impossible to speak of war as of invention. It will review rough of Meades arguments and evaluate them using donnish papers, that disagree with Meads position. The final thesis of the paper is that WAR IN HUMAN SOCIETIES IS PRECONDITIONED BY BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS. War her plunder non be comp bed to other methods of conflict resolution, because it is non, or at least not only a method to resolve conflicts.War is a phenomena which exists as itself and does not emergence from necessity to cope with certain misunderstanding. References to well-nigh fragments of Meads paper shall be used in forming arguments against her scheme. First and scoop up it is necessary to determine the subject and find out what is war. Meade offers the following explanation create conflict between two groups as groups, in which separately group puts an army ( level(p) if the army is only fifteen Pygmies) in the field of study to fight and kill, if possible, some of the members of the army of the other group . The key pronounce here is conflict.War is usually defined as an organised form of conflicts between groups. Usually such groups are represented by societies or communities, most often by great deals and nations. In his brilliant War Before Civilization professor Lawrence H. Keeley has calculated that 90-95% of peoples communities were once engaged to war in this or that stylus and many of them fought constantly . Whether war has been invented or not, those numbers suggest, that war is more usual than peace for humans. And all those wars have been caused by conflicts. In this respect war is a result of conflict and its embod iment solely not the conflict itself.So, in commit to find out what war is it is necessary to find out what conflict is and what causes it. For this paper we shall use the following definition conflict is a disagree between take interests and values of people or between interests, needs and values of a person and the surrounding . War is a conflict between groups, so in this paper we shall speak mostly rough conflicts between people, although it is often impossible to clearly distinguish them. At that impairment war and conflict should not be confused, because in this paper we apply that war is not a form of conflict.War is not a discord itself, it is a result of discord, which is going to be discussed later. Scholars have proposed a number of theories to explain reasons of conflict resulting in war. They include psychological, evolutionary, sociological, anthropological, rationalist and other ones. Advocates of psychological theories such as E. F. M. Durban and John Bowlby ar gue that violence is hereditary by man. The society oppresses violence as an inacceptable form of behavior. So war is an outlet valve for infixed human violence.In order to justify native violence people use to invent ideologies as causes for war. Some of the militarists steady argue that peace does not exist at all and that what seems to be peace is nothing barely a preparation to the next war period . Historical theories explain that wars result from certain conditions and are akin(predicate) to traffic accidents. However, there are no rules to limit them and no trunk to predict them. However, social scientists criticize those theories stating that in most wars there are leaders who take a final decision about war, so wars shtup not be recognized purely accidental .However, it kitty be noticed, that decisions of leaders are taken mostly as a result of certain blushts and warlike leaders can hardly propose people go to war, if they are strongly against fighting. Anthropo logical theorists, which Margaret Meade stands most miserly to, argue that war has appeared at some stage of civilization development, so war is culturally learned. Anthropologists reject the presence of links between varied forms of violence, so war can not be compared to fighting animals or similar conflicts. War under the result of popular pressure, but it is caused merely by violent leaders .However, a question arises once again. If war is not in nature of man, how does war come to the nature of a leader? Sociologists have been interested in war since the early days of sociology, so they have developed their own sociological theories. Eckart Kehr and Hans-Ulrich Wehler pointed that war is a result of internationalized inner tensions wrong the society, and the target for aggression is determined by international stance. So the basis for war is sparing, policy-making and social lieu inside a fellowship.In contrast, Carl von Clausewitz and Leopold von Ranke, who are also said to be advocates of sociological theories, argue, that war results from decision of statesmen, who react to certain situation in this or that way . This argument stands close to anthropological approach. There are several demographic theories about war. Malthusian theories speak that wars are caused by disproportion between growing population and lack of resources for this population. To solve the problem the confederacy starts an expansion which results in war with the neighbors.Youth Bulge theory is more sophisticated. Under it, when a society includes a number of young and physically able young males who cant find an occupation for themselves inside the community, those young men will fight for fortune outside the community . This phenomenon can be easily found in medieval Europe, where young sons of the nobility had to leave their fathers estate, which must have been hereditary only by the older son. No difference how they called themselves Vikings, Crusaders or conquist adors, they went to upstage lands to shake off war.Most of them just died, thusly solving the problem of young sons, and some of them did receive a reward in form of money, new-made lands and glory. Evolutionary psychology theories see war as a result of evolving psychological features, including fear of being attacked and beliefs that only war can make people happy or ensure their future. This includes fear, that another group of people can be dangerous, that another group can be aggravated to conflict, assertion, that other group is immoral or sinful or inherently evil, so it should be punished.Under this theory, the decision to make war can hardly be rational, and is often taken out of fear or hate . The rationalist theories assume, that both sides of conflicts have potential reasons for war which can be understood and logically predicted. Each side strives to obtain the best possible result with minimal losses. In subject area both parties could reasonably predict the outco me it would be better for them just to accept the results of war without suffering its losses. War requires both sides to accept risk. In case the desire to fight a war is stronger than fear of risk, the war is promising to emerge.Entering the war each party needs to evaluate its readiness to attack and its readiness to be attacked. Under the frugal theories war results from economic competition and in peruse for new markets and natural resources. Another possible reason is defense of existing markets and trade roots. And thirdly a war may be caused by the desire of poor people countries to benefit from plundering the rich countries . Other schools include Marxist and political science theories, however, their concepts of war remain undeveloped. It should be noted, that a single theory of war can hardly be created.Each particular war is explained by its own reasons. Colonial wars are explained by economic theories, and the conquests of Genghis Khan fall under anthropological and demographic theories. An overview has been provided not to pick out the best theory, but to find out how each theory supports or contradicts the thesis of Margaret Meade and the thesis of this paper. Meade argues, that since there are peoples, which are unfamiliar with the topic of war itself, even defensive war, it is necessary to speak of war as invention. She states that The CASE FOR warfare is much clearer because there are peoples even like a shot who have no warfare.Of these the Eskimos are perhaps the most conspicuous examples, but the Lepchas of Sikkim described by Geoffrey Gorer in Himalayan Village are as good. Neither of these peoples understands war, not even defensive warfare. The idea of warfare is lacking, and this idea is as essential to really carrying on war as an rudiment or a syllabary is to writing . Under Meade, war is s ort of response to particular events in peoples tradition. War is a traditional way of settling conflicts in most of the world, and for s ome people it is not a traditional method, so they just do not know what is war.Meades point appears to be vague simply because of lack of actual evidence. She speaks, that some people do not know about war, but the only people she manages to demonstrate as proof are the Eskimos. Perhaps it is not a proof, but an exception that proves the opposite argument. And the argument is, that all peoples fight war, except for Eskimos, and this means, that Eskimos are unusual and they break a mutual rule. And the common rule is that war is an attribute of man. The described theories summarize different factors, but in total it should be concluded, that war is a response to the situation of conflict.This conflict can be demographic (lack of territory for the population), economic (fighting for markets) or evolutional (hate to others). Of course, there is an anthropological theory, which asserts, that for some reason peoples, which are originally peaceful, shortly start to support violent lead ers, but this theory fails to explain the reasons for such support and origin of violent leaders themselves. All the reasons for war mentioned in the theories reflect usual human reactions to conflicts. When a person has nothing to eat, he or she is likely to steal. When an entire people has nothing to eat, it will fight for food with the neighbors.When a person believes, that his neighbor is an awful criminal, he or she is likely to attack the neighbor in case he approaches, even if he came to say hello. When an entire people believes, that other people is insane, a war between those peoples is likely to emerge. This analogy can be applied to each and every theory. In the light of this it is necessary to particularly consider new sorts of war economic war and terrorist war. Economic wars are ideally explained by economic theories. They are fought for resources and markets. However, they include unfriendly actions and acts of violence.They may have casualties. So they are wars foug ht in other way. Terroristic wars are even more obvious case. They are fought under instructions of charismatic leaders and with concrete purposes, explained by theories of war. Reasons for the new sorts of war are same as for the old ones. They are results of conflicts. Upon separation of conflict and the resulting war, war becomes characterized as a response to the conflict. When groups of people find no other acceptable way to resolve the conflict, they turn to war. And the more organized the community is, the more organized its warfare is.This conflict is violent, because human nature is violent. This means not that violence is necessary for a man, but that violence is available for a man, and man often uses violence. It is just a part of our nature, whether we want it or not. In case it was not true, there would not be no fights of the streets and wars between peoples. But it is true, and non-violence in the society is more unusual, than violence. As short as it is understood, that war is a VIOLENT METHOD OF RESOLVING CONFLICTS amongst GROUPS OF PEOPLE it becomes obvious, that war is a natural state for a man.It has not been invented, it existed just as long, as man existed. The war took more tangled forms, but it remained war. This does not mean, that wars are desirable, surely they are to be avoided at all costs. But even in case all wars are once finished this would not mean, that the war disappears. It will just not be used, but it will continue to exist inside us. whole caboodle cited1. Margaret Meade, Warfare is only an invention not a biological necessity. interpreted from http//www. ppu. org. uk/learn/infodocs/st_invention. html (last viewed October 16, 2007)2. Lawrence H. Keeley. War Before Civilization, Oxford University Press, 1996 3. Ashley Montagu, The Nature of Human Aggression, Oxford University Press, 1976 4. Azar Gat. War in Human Civilization, Oxford University Press, 2006 5. Fuller Gary The Demographic Backdrop to Ethnic divergence A Geographic Overwiew, in CIA (Ed. ) The Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to subject area and International Order in the 1990s, Washington 1995 6. Powell Robert. Bargaining theory and International Conflict. Annual Review of Political Science 5 1-30, 2002

Loans & Advances of Dhaka Bank

Home impute line Economics promulgate on Procudure for Distri only whening addwords and Advance at swell of Bangladesh lingoing comp whatever Report on Procudure for Distri merelying Loans and Advance at capital of Bangladesh stick on March 20, 2013 in Economics picpic1. a. Introduction medical internship programme is a pre-requisite for getting M. B. A. degree. Before completion of the degree, a student moldiness, infrago the Internship program. As the schoolroom discussion al 1 laughingstock non make a student perfect in handling the authorized line of merchandise situation, in that respectfore, it is an opportunity for the students to know more or less the current brio situation through this program.The program consists of superstar-third phases 1. The orientation of the Intern with the organization, its function and performance. 2. The project work pertaining to a particular problem or problems matching with the Interns bea of specialization and organiz ational requirement. 3. The abode writing to summarize the Interns analysis, take inings and achievements in the proceeding of the fol execrableings. 1. b. Objectives of the Report The report has ii objectives 1. familiar Objective 2. Specific Objective 1) General objectives of the report The general objective of the report is to complete the internship.As per requirement of MBA program of Chittagong University, a student carry to work in a commercial enterprise organization for two months to acquire practical knowledge about significant telephone line operations of a comp whatsoever. 2) Specific objective of the report The ad hoc objective of this report is to find and analyze the belief facilities (its outstanding, retrieval, categorize gives etc), commendation and monitoring serve easily of capital of Bangladesh imprecate express mail, Local office. It get out in bid manner include gathering an idea about the securities behind the loan facilities and event diametric curse guarantees.The detail objectives of my study be as follows- To inlet the character reference structure of bevels in practice. To measure the effectiveness of the selected depones in animal(prenominal) exertion of their avail fit get and re man- do lakes. To identify the relationship with their clients. To identify the loan reco real performances of the selected banks. To find out the deposit utilization problems. To find out the slaying of deferred payment put on the line solicitude policy of the selected banks. To find out the murder of the cite risk grading manual of Bangladesh bank by the selected banks. To find out the unsound credit according to the credit risk focussing policy. 1. c. Methodology Methodology of the study This report is mainly prep bed by the secondary sources of study & some few primary sources of randomness like O Direct observation. O Information discussion with nonrecreationals. O wondering(a) the concerned persons . The secondary sources of my randomness O Annual reports of DBL. O confidence rating report of DBL by credit rating information & function saltationed. O Desk report of the related department. O assent manual information. O Different reference books of the library.O Some of my course elements as related to this report. 1. d . Scope of the study This report will prolong an organizational all overview of capital of Bangladesh bank. It will give a wide view of the antithetic stages of credit judgment system of capital of Bangladesh bank, starting from the loan application to Loan disbursement and the comparison between cadence and existing credit appraisal system of a camber. The study is organized as follows creed visibility of the selected banks. Loan reco truly. The nature of default option. realization management and guidelines. compend of the findings and recommendation. 1. e.Limitations There atomic number 18 some limit points I had to face plot of ground preparing this report. It is precise difficult to quest some of the important data and information. There is some information very secret and the jargon didnt want to nominate this information. provided this information may help to build a good report. An opposite limitation is avail superpower of the data. The bank doesnt form sufficient documents of the disport measure they absorb from different loans. For this there is no specific profit t every toldy of the credit department. So, These kinds of limitations I faced while preparing the report. . a. Dhaka bound particular DHAKA BANK LIMITED was incorporated as a domain limited alliance on 6th April 1995 under the company act. 1994 and started its commercial operation on June 05, 1995 as a private heavens bank. The bank started its journey with an authorized capital of Tk. 1,000. 00 one thousand meg and paid up capital of Tk. 100. 00 million. The strength of a bank depends on its management team. The Employer i n Dhaka confide is proud to demand a team of highly motivated, easy-educated and experienced executives who have been contributing substantially in the proceed progress of the bank.The marketing activities at the Dhaka Bank atomic number 18 very implicit and vast comparing to that of former(a) bank in the state of matter to mean solar day. The Philosophy of the bank is EXCELENCE IN BANKING. Dhaka Bank is always involuntary to offer new product features to the client. Besides the applications of these products or answers ar prepared in a very modern way so that the service can be pull up stakesd in least snip demand. The Credit facilities approved by Dhaka Bank are change magnitude day by day because of its well-organized and trained management and alike well-equipped facilities.In recent prison term banking sector perplexs very competitive and without giving good and attr vigorous facilities and service no bank can survive in this time. Dhaka Bank is as well trying to provide good service to keep press release with this competition. 2. b. Mission Statement To be the premier pecuniary institution in the country providing high character reference products & services backed by a la mode(p) technology and a team of highly motivated personnel to waive Excellence in Banking. 2. c. Vision Statement At Dhaka Bank, we pee our inspiration from the distant stars.Our term is committed to guarantee a standard that6 makes every banking transaction a pleasur equal experience. Our endeavor is to offer you shave sharp sparkle through accuracy, reliability, seasonable delivery, cutting edge technology, and well-kept solution for business needs, global reach in trade and reverberateing and high yield on your investments. Our people, products and processes are aligned to meet the essential of our discerning customers. Our goal is to achieve a distinction like the luminaries in the sky. Our peak objective is to deliver a quality that demonstrates a a uthoritative reflection of our vision- Excellence in Banking. . d. Slogan Excellence in Banking. 2. e. Company Philosophy The motto or the philosophy of the Bank is Excellence in Banking. Whether in Personal, Corporate, Treasury or Trade transactions of Dhaka Bank particular is committed to provide the best. Meeting the demand of the banks discerning customers is non the sole objective. The Bank endeavor to deliver a quality that makes every transaction a pleasurable experience. Dhaka Bank feels that, if they can meet maximum clientele requirements in less time with efficiency, accordingly they will be able to accomplish a prospering business in the world of banking.Their main objective is they want to provide every hotshot customer service available in beneficial aways banking procedure for their clientele. Thus they can guarantee the excellence in banking to their invaluable customers. 2. f. Company Activities and Performances Paid up heavy(p) The paid up capital of Dhak a Bank bound amounted to Tk. 1,547 million as on December 31, 2008 which was Tk. 100 million when the Bank started its operation. The add up equity (capital and reserves) of the Bank as on December 31, 2008 stood at Tk. 3125 million. Deposits A strong deposit base is critical for success of a bank.During the classs the Bank has mobilized a substantial amount in deposits in transactional and savings narration. The deposit base of the bank continued to register a steady egress and stood at Tk. 48,731 million excluding call as of 31 December 2008 compared to Tk. 41,554 million of the previous year registered a 17% growth. Investment Dhaka Bank has alter its investment portfolio through Lease pay, Hire Purchase, and Capital Market operations besides the investment in treasury bills and Prize Bonds. The emphasis on high quality investment has run intod the bank to maximize its profit.Dhaka Bank Limited is a member of the Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. A spe cialized unit of the Bank, the Investment Division manages the Banks portfolio and actively participates in the screen-based on-line trading of both the Stock Exchanges. Profit Dhaka Bank Limited registered an operating profit of Tk. 2,010 million in 2008 compared to Tk. 1,183 million in 2007 making a growth of 70%. After all readinesss including general provisions on unclassified loans, profit to begin with evaluate stood at Tk. 1,531 million. Provision for tax for the year 2008 amounted to Tk. 27 million. The electronic intercommunicate profit of the bank as on 31 December 2008 stood at Tk. 704 million compared to previous years Tk. 580 million making growth of 21%. Earning per share (EPS) was Tk. 46. 06 in 2007 compared to Tk. 45. 17 in 2007. Loans and Advances The Bank use the system of credit risk assessment and lending procedures by stricter legal separation of responsibilities between risk assessment, lending decisions and monitoring functions to improve the quality an d resolve of loan portfolio. The Bank recorded a 17 % growth in advances with a topical anesthetic loans and advances portfolio of Tk. 9,972 million at the end of December 2008 compared to Tk. 34049 million at the end of December 2007. As of 31 December 2008, 96. 85 % of the total Banks loan portfolio was regular while solitary(prenominal) 3. 15 % of the total portfolio was non-performing as compared to 1. 64 % of 2007. Bank made required provision as on 31 December against performing loans as per rate and classification norm provided by Bangladesh Bank (se note-2c). The flock of non-performing loans stood at Tk. 1,258 million in 2008 from Tk. 554 million in 2007. Of the total loan provision of Tk. 04 million, Tk. 465 million was general provision, which was 51 % of total provision. The rest Tk. 439 million was against the classified accounts. 1. Non-performing loan 2. Regular Loan A wide take off of business industries and sectors constitutes the Banks advance portfolio. Major sectors where the Bank extended credit include steel and engineering, ship breaking, edible oil, sugar, housing and wind, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, electronic and automobiles, null and power, service industries, trade pay, personal or consumer credit, leasing etc.The Bank continued to realize Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and expended credit facilities to them through its SME Cell. Sector wise tryst of advances reveals a well-diversified portfolio of the Bank with equipoise exposure in different sectors. superior concentration sectors are textile and garment industries with outstanding of Tk. 7,524 million, housing and construction with Tk. 4,093 million, food and allied industries with Tk. 2,949 million and engineering and metal including ship braking with Tk. 1,903 million as at 31 December 2008. Customer ServiceCustomer is in the hollow of everything a service-oriented company does. Accuracy, reliability, and timely delivery are the key elements of the Dhaka Banks service. Well-qualified and experienced officials always prepared to provide efficient, personalized and quality service man Dhaka Bank Limited. The banks prime objective is to provide high quality product and services to the customers. The bank also performs according to the needs of its corporate clients and provides a comprehensive range of fiscal services to national and multinational companies. International Trade & immaterial ExchangeInternational trade constituted the major business activity conducted by the bank. Dhaka Bank offer a full range of trade pay services, namely, Issue, Advising and Con business pie-eyedation of documentary Credits arranging forward Exchange cover Pre-shipment and post- shipment finance Negotiation and purchase of Export bill Discounting of bills of Exchange, sight of bills etc. In the year 2008, Dhaka Bank Limited was active in extending services to their precious clients related with import business. As of thirty-first December 2008 the impo rt volume was Tk. 49,496 million compared to the volume of 2006 for Tk. 6,277 million sign as increase of 7% from the last year. Dhaka Bank Limited experienced sound growth of export business in 2007 from 2006. The volume of export business rose to Tk. 31,081 million from Tk. 23,269 million in 2007 show an increase of 34%. B spread heades Dhaka Bank has opened already 41 branches in different Cities, Places and areas in Dhaka and also in Chittagong, Sylhet, Narayangonj, Norshingdi and Savar. This shows the banks shipment to provide services to their valued customers through an extensive branch network at all commercially important places across the country.They also have planned to open more branches in the sort coming year. These branches are well decorated and well secured with the new technologies. Human Resources and Training The driving suck force behind Dhaka Bank has always its employees. The bank recognizes that professional development of its people is vital to establi shing workers as a provider of quality service. In this regard, the bank have expanded its training facilities and set up a full-fledged training institute at SaraTower, Motijheel, Dhaka. Environmental counselling ProgramThe Banks Environmental Management Program stipulates bail with environmental, wellness and safety regulations and guidelines, refraining from business that impairs the ability of future generations to meet their protest needs, assessing an mitigating risks concerning environment, wellness and safety issues that the bank undertake. Community Service The Bank extends countenanceance to socio-cultural and fraternity development programs. During the years under critical review, the Bank had provided support to a take of community welfare programs. At present Dhaka Bank assist the National Hokey Federation. Technologies, Products and ServicesDhaka Banks products and services are regularly upgraded and realigned to fulfil customer expectation. Their delivery stan dards are constantly monitored and improved to assure the highest satisfaction. The bank specially emphasizes on the service base on technologies. Because the life became very fast and people want take service in spite of appearance sort time. The consumer-banking sector of the Bank deals with number of tasks related to confused services. The products that are recently being offered by the bank are as follows Accounts Dhaka Bank provides the Savings Account Current Account pithy limit Deposit Fixed Deposit Receipt etc. or the customers. air (Automated Teller Machine) Dhaka Bank ATM Cards enable their valued customers to carry out a transition of banking transactions 24 hours a day. Credit Cards Dhaka Bank Credit Card has take in wide acceptability and reputation within a very on the spur of the moment time. The Bank has developed the process such that it can deliver the Credit Card within only 7 days against protection for unbolted fluffs it takes only 10 days. Phone ban king Dhaka Bank skirt banking service allows customers to conduct a variety of transactions by obviously making a phone from anywhere.Customers can inquire about the balance in their account, check transaction details or pick up for account statement by fax or e-mail. Locker By this speediness customers can put their valuable things such as jewelry items, valuable papers etc. for the safety reason. Consumer Credit Dhaka Bank also provides consumer credit facilities with very attractive terms and conditions. Industrial Loan Loans issued for purchasing equipment, inventories, plants, payrolls etc. some(prenominal) Branch Banking By this customers can transact from any branch insight the country.Utility Bill Payment Customers can pay different utility bill such as phone bill, credit card bill etc. 3. a. Bank Banks are among the al almost important pecuniary institutions in the economy. They are the principle source of credit (loanable entrepot) for millions of households ( sin gles and families) and for most local units of political sympathies. Moreover, for small businesses ranging from grocery stores to automobile bargainers, banks are often the major source of credit to stock the shelves with merchandise or to fill a dealers showroom with new goods.When the business and consumers need financial information and financial planning, it is the bankers to whom they turn most frequently for advice and council. 3. b. Types of Bank Loans The banks make a wide variety of loans to a wide variety of customers for many different occasions-from purchasing automobiles and buying new furniture, victorious dream vacations and pursuing college nurture to constructing homes and office buildings. Bank loans may be divided into the following bulky categories of loans, delineated by their purpose 1.Real Estate Loans, which are secured by real property-land, buildings, and other structures- and include short-term loans for construction and land development and longer- term loans to finance the purchase of farmland, residential, and commercial structures etc. 2. fiscal institution Loans, including credit to banks, indemnity companies, finance companies, and other financial institutions. 3. Agricultural Loans, extended to farm and ranch operations to assist in planting and harvesting crops and to support the victuals and care of livestock. 4.Commercial and Industrial Loans, granted to business to cover such expenses as purchasing inventories, plant, and equipment, paying taxes, and meeting payrolls and other operating expenses. 5. Loans to Individuals, including credit to finance the purchase of automobiles, homes, appliances and other retail goods to repair and modernize homes, cover the speak to of medical care and other personal expenses, either extended directly to individuals or indirectly through retail dealers. 6. Lease Financing Receivables, where the bank buys equipment or vehicles and leases them to its customers.Among the categories, the largest volume is in the real estate loans. The next largest family is commercial and industrial loans. 7. Asset-based Loans, loans secured by a business firms assets, particularly accounts receivable and inventory. Installment Loans, credits that is come backable in two or more consecutive payments, usually on a periodical or quarterly basis. 9. letter of credits, a legal notice in which a bank or other institution guarantees the credit of one of its customers who is borrowing from another institution. 0. Retail Credit, little-denomination loans extended to individuals and families as well as to small business. 11. Term loans, credit extended for longer than one year and designed to fund longer-term business investments, such as the purchase of equipment or the construction of new physical facility. Term Loans are designed to fund long-and medium-term business investments, such as the purchase of equipment or the construction of physical facilities, covering a period longer than one year. unremarkably the borrowing firm applies for a lump-sum loan based on the budgeted cost of its proposed project and then drinks to repay the loan in a series of installment. 12. Working Capital loan, provide businesses with short-run credit, lasting from a few days to about one year. Working Capital Loans are most often utilize to fund the purchase of inventories in put to put goods on shelves or to purchase raw materials hence, they come closest to the traditional self-liquidating loan set forth above.Frequently the Working Capital Loan is designed to cover seasonal peaks in the business customers production levels and credit needs. 3. c. Credit digest The division of the bank trusty for analyzing and making recommendations on the fate of most loan applications is the credit department. This department moldiness satisfactorily answer three major questions regarding each loan applicat 1. Is the Borrower Creditworthy and how know that? The question must be dealt with onwards any other is whether or not the customer can service the loan- that is, pay out the credit when due, with a soft margin for error.This usually involves a detailed study of six aspects of the loan application Character well defined purpose for loan put across and a serious intention to repay), Capacity proper authority to request for the loan and legal standing to sign a loan agreement), notes ability to generate enough funds, in the form of cash flow), validating enough quality assets to provide competent support for the loan), Conditions aware borrowers line of work and also economic conditions), and Control All must be satisfactory for the loan to be a good ne from the lenders point of view. 2. Can the loan agreement be properly structured and documented so that the bank and depositors are adequately protected and the customer has a high probability of being able to service the loan without excessive strain? The loan incumbent is responsible to b oth the customer and the Banks depositors and stockholders must seek to pay the demands off all. This requires, first, the drafting of a loan agreement that meets the borrowers need for funds with a comfortable quittance schedule.The borrower must be able to comfortably handle any required loan payments, because the banks success depends fundamentally on the success of its customers. If a major borrower gets into anesthetise because it is unable to service a loan, the bank may find itself in serious trouble as well. So, the banks loan officer must be a financial counselor to customers as well as a conduit for their loan applicants. 3. Can the bank perfect its aim against the assets or boodle of the customer so that, in the event of default, bank funds can be recovered rapidly at low cost and with low risk? plot of land large corporations and other borrowers with undefiled credit ratings often borrow unsecured, with no specific verificatory promise behind their loans except t heir reputation and ability to generate earnings, most borrowers at one time or another will be asked to pledge some their assets or to personally guarantee the repayment of their loans. Getting a pledge of certain borrower assets as collateral behind a loan really serves two purposes for a lender.If the borrower cannot pay, the pledge of collateral gives the lender the right to seize and sell those assets designated as loan collateral, using the proceeds of the sale to cover what the borrower did not pay back. Secondly, collateralization of a loan gives the lender a psychological advantage over the borrower. Because specific assets may be at the stake a borrower feels more obligated to work hard to repay his or her loan and bend losing valuable assets. The most popular assets plight as collateral for bank loans are- Accounts Receivable, Factoring, Inventory, Real Property, Personal Property, Personal warrant etc. . d. Loan Review Banks today use a variety of different loan revi ew procedures nearly all banks follow a few general principles. These include 1) Carrying out reviews of all types of loans on a periodic basis- for example, every 30, 60, or 90 days the largest loans outstanding may be routinely meditated, along with a random sample of littler loans. 2) Structuring the loan review process carefully to make sure the most important features of each loan are checked. ) Reviewing most frequently the largest loans, because default in these credit agreements could seriously affect the banks own financial conditions. 4) Conducting more frequent reviews of troubled loans, with the frequency of review increasing as the problems surrounding any particular loan increase. 5) Accelerating the loan review schedule if the economy slows down or if the industries in which the bank has made a substantial portion of its loans develop significant problems. 3. e. Handling business LoansInevitably, despite the safeguards most banks build in their lending programs, som e loans on a banks books will become problem loans. Usually this means the borrower has missed one or more promised payments or the collateral pledged behind a loan has declined significantly in value. The process of recovering the banks funds from a problem loan situation- suggests the following key steps 1) Always keeps the goal of loan workouts intemperately in mind to maximize the banks chances for the full retrieval of its funds. ) The rapid detection and reporting of any problems with a loan are essential delay often worsens a problem loan situation. 3) intimidate the loan workout responsibility separate from the lending function to avoid possible conflicts of busy for the loan offers. 4) Estimate what resources are available to collect the troubled loan. 5) Loan workout personnel should conduct a tax and litigation search to see if the borrower has other unpaid obligations and many other processes. CREDIT MANAGEMENT POLICY & PROCEDURESIntroduction In general, a banking sys tem aggregates a high number of low value deposits to fund enterprises with a smaller number of high value loans. This intermediation through a well functioning bank helps to achieve some economic benefits for the depositors, the borrowers and above all the economy in the following ways The depositors Higher return cut down risk Greater liquidity The borrowers Availability of fund for all credit worthy borrowers Thus allows to enterprises grow and expand The economy Economic growth is maximized as the banks channels the countrys scare financial resources into those financial opportunities with maximum return Thus profitable enterprises receive mount, grow and expand. spillage making enterprises are refused funding and allowed to go out of the business thus saving the economy from drainage of resources. The bank must allocate loans efficaciously for achieving these broad objectives of the economy and the pre-requisites are Banks are able to identify dependably those ent erprises that can repay their loans. Banks allows loans to those enterprises likely to yield high return and deny loan to those likely to yield low or negative returns. While identifying profitable enterprises, the bank in fact identifies risks of the borrower and business in order to allow loan in the consideration of its risk return profile. Credit risk management (CRM) is a dynamic process, which enables banks to proactively manage loan portfolios. tetrad major areas of CRM are Policy lending guidelines Procedure evaluating viability and associate risks of business enterprises. Organizational structure segregation of risk victorious and risk approval authority Responsibility decision making and accountability A pee understanding of the four areas are crucial for maximizing banks earning by carefully evaluating credit risks and attempting to minimize those risks. 4. a. Policy objectives 1) Maximize Banks earning from loan portfolio 2) Improve quality of loan portfol io to maximize earnings by a) To keep non-performing assets below 10% b) Arresting new loans to become classified. ) Utmost emphasis on loan inciteing is to be attached in order to improve quality of the loan portfolio. Credit facilities are to be considered solely on viability of business / enterprises / project / undertaking having adequate cash flows to adjust the loans, and management capacity of the borrower to run the business profitably. 4) prize credit risks before sanctioning, which may hamper generation of the projected cash flows of the borrower and might delay or hinder repayment of banks loan. ) Monitoring round-the-clockly performances of the financed projects / business / enterprises will be banks main trust for ensuring repayment of the loan, and receiving early warning (EL) for taking timely corrective measures. 6) Price the loans on the basis of loan pricing module of the bank focusing on risk rating of the borrower. 7) Strict adherence to Bangladesh Banks poli cy guidelines 4. b. change guidelines As the very purpose banks credit system is to make up the risk disposition of the bank, so banks focus should be to defend a credit portfolio to keeping in mind of our risk absorbing capacity.Thus its strategy will be invigoration loan processing steps including identifying, measuring, containing risks as well as exerciseing a balance portfolio through minimizing loan concentration, boost loan diversification, expanding product range, streamlining security, insurance etc. as buffer against upset(prenominal) cash flow. Types of credit facilities Bank will go for Term financial backing for new project and BRME of existing projects (Large, Medium, SE) Working capital for industries, trading, services and others (Large, Medium, SE) conditional relation and export pay Lease Finance Consumer Finance Fee occupancy Islamic mode of finance Single borrower/ Group limits / Large Loans / Syndication The limit for single client / company u nder one obligor concept will be as under 1. The total credit facilities by a bank to any single person or enterprise or organization of a group shall not any point of time exceed 35% of the banks total capital bailiwick to the condition that the maximum outstanding against fund based financing facilities (fund facilities) shall not exceed 15% of the total capital. 2. Non-funded credit facilities, e. g. etter of credit, guarantee etc. can be extended to a single large borrower. But under no circumstances, the total amount of the funded and non-funded credit facilities shall exceed 35% of banks total capital 3. til now, in case of export sector, single borrower limit shall be 50% of the banks total capital. But funded facilities in the form of export credit shall not 15% of the total capital Large loan 1. Loan sanctioned to any individual or enterprise or any organization of a group amounting to 10% or more of banks total capital shall be considered as large loan. 2.The bank shall be able to sanction large loans as per the following limits set against their respective classified loans value of net classified loans The highest rate fixed for large loans against banks total loans & advances Up to 5% 56% More than 5% but up to 10% 52% More than 10% but up to 15% 48% More than 15% but up to 20% 44% More than 20% 40% 3. In order to determine the above maximum ceiling for large loans, all on-funded credit facilities e. g. earn of credit, guarantee etc. shall also be considered to arrive 50% credit equivalent. However the entire amount of non-funded credit facilities shall be included while determining the total credit facilities provided to an individual or an enterprise or an organization or a group. 4. A Public Limited Company, which has 50% or more public share holdings, shall not be considered as an enterprise / organization of any group. 5. In case of credit facilities provided against government guarantees, the aforementioned restrictions sha ll not apply 6. In the case of loans backed by cash and excusable securities (e. g.FDR), the actual lending facilities shall be dictated by deducting the amount of such securities from the outstanding balance of the loans. 7. Banks shall collect the information to the borrowers from Credit Information Bureau (CIB) of Bangladesh Bank before sanctioning, renewing or rescheduling loans to ensure that credit facilities are not provided to defaulters. 8. Banks shall perform Lending Risk Analysis (LRA) before sanctioning or renewing large loans. If the rating of an LRA turns to be marginal, a bank shall not sanction large loan, but it can consider conversion of an existing large loan taking into account other favorable conditions and factors. However, if the result of an LRA is unsatisfactory, neither sanction nor renewal of large loans shall be considered. 9.While sanctioning or renewing large loan, a bank shall assess borrowers overall debt repayment capacity taking into consideration the borrowers liabilities with other banks and financial institutions. 10. A bank shall examine its borrowers Cash flow Statement, Audited sense of balance Sheet, income Statement and other financial statement to make sure that the borrower has the ability to repay the loan. Term Financing and Syndication Like large volume of loan, long term financing is one of the riskiest areas of the bank because of long duration of repayment. grand duration casts uncertainties on repayment as variable with which financial and other projections are made very widely in a dynamic global economic scenario.Thus achievement care is to be exercised while considering long term financing Long term relationship with the borrower is prerequisite for considering term financing Due covering is to be exercised for accessing viability of the projects in terms of Management ability, Market gap, Technical suitability, Financial viability. Information on projects should be adequate and reliable Minimum i nformation for project viability analysis is to be given. Syndication Syndication means joint financing by more than one bank to the same clients against a common security basically, to spread the risk. It also provides a scope for an independent evaluation of risk and focused monitoring by the agent / lead bank.In syndication financing banks also enter into an agreement that one of the lenders may act as trace Bank, who has to co-ordinate the activities at various stages of handling the proposal i. e. appraisal, sanction, documentation communion of the security, disbursement, inspection, follow up, recovery etc. it may also call meetings of syndication members, whenever unavoidable to finalize any decision Discouraged business types In the context of present economic situation vis-a-vis government policy as well as market scenario, the following industries and lending activities are considered as discouraged Military Equipment / Weapon Finance Highly leveraged Transactions F inance of speculative business Logging, Mineral Extraction/ Mining or other activity that is ethically or environmentally sensitive Lending to companies listed on CIB black list or known defaulters Counter parties in countries open to UN sanctions Share lending Taking an equity stake in borrowers Lending to holding companies Bridge loans relying on equity / debt issuance as a source of repayment Loan facility parameters Size Funded maximum 15% of Banks total capital Funded + Non Funded 1) Shall not exceed 35% of banks total capital 2) Maximum 50% of Banks total capital for export sector. (Funded facility shall also not exceed 15% of banks total capital). Tenor Short term Maximum 12 months Medium Term Maximum 5 years Long Term Maximum 15 yearsMargin To be determined by Banker Customer relationship and nature of business. Security Return of Banks funding to any business is ensured primarily on the cash flow of the business. A smooth flow of cash in the business requires effic ient management competence in conducting the business in a given market. However as the market never remains stable owing to various uncontrollable factors, the continuity of well-managed business cash flow is difficult to visualise in the long run. As such to ensure realization of Banks finance in case of any eventuality, other adequate security insurance coverage deemed necessary with a view to protects interest of the bank. General Covenants Bank shall not extend any credit facility to any defaulter as defined in the bank company act 1991(clean CIB report required. ) The borrower shall have valid Trade license, In case of partnership firm there must be a partnership deed duly notarized / registered. Limited Company must be registered with the Registrar of Joint Stock Company. Directors and other loans will be subordinated to Dhaka Banks loan. Directors loan (if any) will be interest free and no dividend will be declared/paid before full adjustment of Term Loan of Dhaka Bank . The borrower shall submit yearbook audited/un-audited/projected financial statements regularly where applicable. The borrower shall maintain current ratio of not less than 1. 5 times.. The borrower shall obtain and maintain in full force and effect all Government of Bangladesh (GOB) authorizations, licenses and permits required to implement and operate Borrowers business. The borrower shall maintain all insurance as detailed in Loan Documents. The borrower shall maintain satisfactory swing/turnover of the limit in case of continuous loans/advance. The borrower shall pay all fees , duties , taxes etc, that are due to the Government of Bangladesh (except where waivers or deferrals have been granted by Government of Bangladesh) when due. The borrower shall not create any charge, owe or any encumbrances of any other security interest over any of its assets without the prior written apply of the Bank. The borrower shall not avail any credit facility from other source without t he prior written consent of the bank. The borrower shall not make any amendment/alteration in the Companys Memorandum & Articles of Association without obtaining prior approval of Dhaka Bank Ltd in writing. The borrower shall not furnish any corporate guarantee to other firm/company without Banks permission. Events of Default Bank will have the right to call back the Loan/Advance in the event of default under the following circumstances Failure to repay Breach of Covenants of the loan agreement. failure or liquidation or insolvency event affecting the Borrower. Occurrence of a material adverse change in the financial position of the Borrower. Any change in GOB directives, which in the opinion of the Lenders would prejudice the Borrowers ability to meet the financial obligations in respect of this facility, Any security interest over any asset of the Borrower becomes enforceable or any movement or distress is levied against or any person is entitled to or does take possession of the whole or any part of the assets or undertakings. Facility Wise Charge Documents %3 L/C LTR BG TL CC Hypo/CC Pledge (Key Stock to Bank) 1. promissory maintain1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 2. Letter of 2. Letter of Undertaking 2. Letter of Undertaking 2. Letter of Undertaking 2.Letter of Undertaking Undertaking 3. A/C Balance 3. A/C Balance stop 3. A/C Balance confirmation 3. A/C Balance confirmation 3. A/C Balance confirmation cause confirmation Slip Slip Slip Slip 4. Letter of 4. Letter of tenacity 4. Letter of Continuity 4. Letter of Continuity 4. Letter of Continuity Continuity