The Enron and Worldcom Scandals

E. Boos Week 2 Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enrons operations that got them into difficulties had several(prenominal) parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank beca wont outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively amalgamate into Enrons accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records.Enrons legal department wrote contracts that helped provide a cover for misuse of funds regarding the SPEs. Future revenue was account as current revenue. Stocks were paid with promissory notes instead of cash. They also engaged in off-the-books activities and excessive executive compensation. Enrons gore of directors allowed the executives, accountants and legal department to use Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), a type of partnership, in an attempt to camoufl age their debt and create a facade of financial stability (Brooks, 2007). 3. Enrons directors understood how internet were made.They also knew managements activities were dishonest. Andrew Fastow was active in forming the SPE partnerships and his affiliation with LJM2 was a conflict of interest. When Enron began experiencing financial problems in October 2001, the add-in of directors began holding special meetings. They were paid with cash, confine stock, phantom stock units and stock options. The Senate Subcommittee Report, dated July 8, 2002, found that the Enron board of directors was aware that employees participated in management of the SPEs which was a conflict of interest.The directors ignored the inaccurate accounting, extensive live activities and excessive executive compensation. The Senate report discovered that the board of directors knew of financial activities between Enron and some of the boards members. The board permitted consulting services, internal audits, an d external audits to be performed by the same company, namely, Arthur Andersen (Brooks, 2007). 5. Ken Lay was chairperson of the board. He reassumed the position of CEO after Skilling resigned. As CEO he oversaw all of Enrons activities.Lay and Whaley directed Causey to give the Raptor SPEs. The sale price of was privately negotiated between Fastor, on behalf of Enron, and Kopper on behalf of LJM2. Lay did not interfere when Arthur Andersen directed Enron to record the buyout excess money as income. He knowingly allowed fraudulent activities and false information to be included in the financial reports. This was unethical. The Powers Report identifies seven questionable accounting issues concerning the sale of the Raptors (Brooks, 2007). 6.The board of directors did not insist that full disclosure of Enrons earning be made available to the public and the shareholders. They allowed inaccurate reports to be published. Since they did not challenge management familiarity in fraudulent activities, this meant the shareholders interests were not protected (Brooks, 2007). 9. Conflict of interest concerning SPE activities occurred because Enron employees were active in managing certain SPEs. Losses were not reported in end of socio-economic class reports to offset other nonprofitable dealings.Arthur Andersen did not report all of the earnings and helped Enron cover up losses. When Andrew Fastow, wanted to manage the SPE, Chewco, he was advised by Jeffrey Skilling who was on the board of directors, that he should not manage Chewco because it would be a conflict of interest. Instead, Fastow appointed Michael Kopper who worked for him at Enron, to manage Chewco (Brooks, 2007). WORLDCOM 1. To inflate their profit in the current period, WorldCom created overstatements of cash fertilize and income by inaccurately reporting line costs. Line costs were a major expense to WorldCom.They were payments WorldCom made to third party telecommunicator network providers for the rig ht to entrance fee their networks. These costs should have been shown as an expense rather than appearing on the income statement (Brooks, 2007). 2. WorldComs board of directors could have prevented the manipulation of revenue that management employ if they had not been intimidated by Bernie Ebbers. They allowed themselves to be intimidated by Bernie Ebbers when he did not want their questions answered or give them more definitive explanations. Eventually, they demanded Bernie Ebbers resignation and he resigned.The board of directors scheduled periodic meetings with WorldCom. The directors should have been more involved and familiar with WorldComs activities and efforts to manipulate expenses and decreased income (Brooks, 2007). 4. Bernie Ebbers was the CEO of WorldCom, the CFO was Scott Sullivan and David Myers was the Controller. Prior to on the job(p) for WorldCom they had worked for Arthur Andersen. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for WorldCom. That is why the accountants di d not say or do anything to prevent Ebbers manipulation of WorldComs financial reports (Brooks, 2007). . Ebbers received $408. 2 million dollars as a loan to buy WorldCom stock or for margin calls as the stock price fell. Instead of using the money for the purpose he received it, he used it to buy a cattle ranch in Canada, build a new home, pay for personal expenses of a family member, and provide loans to family and friends (Brooks, 2007). Reference Brooks, L. J. (2007). trading & professional ethics for directors, executives, & accountants (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies

Effective leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies Timothy B. Ashby Devry University Leadership and Organizational Behavior GM 591 Professor Faggione January 26, 2011 Introduction Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies Lexington dry land Place is a rehabilitation and long- terminal figure superintend facility that is owned and operated by Five leading Incorporated. Five Star is a relatively new corporation that has made great strides in promoting integrity in the c be and rehabilitation of those in need of nursing care that extends beyond acute hospitalization.LCP has had a long-standing temperament of excellence in the Lexington, Kentucky community. Over a period of the past two years that reputation declined as a result of several factors but primarily because of ineffective leadership. My role at LCP is the even shift RN House Supervisor. Some of my responsibilities include effectively handling any problems that may turn up during the 3-11 shift. These problems may include making adjustments in staffing, assisting with admissions, public relation concerns, and using effective nursing perspicacity skills and making decisions that insure the safety and care of the residents at LCP.The current Director of Nursing, Angela Staiano, RN, BSN, has a proven jump record of being an effective leader with a history of improving the quality of long-term care facilities. She was offered and accepted the position of DON at LCP several months ago following a state oversight in which LCP was noted as having several deficiencies. Since inspections are a matter of public record and customers are able to make comparisons with competitors, LCP had a decrease in its census. Problem IdentificationThe problem being turn to in this paper is how ineffective leadership resulted in a decrease in the resident population, a complacent staff who were not committed to providing high standards of care, and as a result, a decreased gather for the organization. The lack of profit aptitude affects not only the corporate center, but also affects the organizations ability to make improvements to the facility, provide adequate resources to the residents, and to pay wages comparable with competitors in order to retain solid employees.Shermerhorn (2010) writes that organizations depend for their success on day-to-day decisions made by (leaders). The quality of these decisions influences both the long-term mathematical process of an organization and its day-to-day characterin the eyes of employees, customers, and society at large. The problems at LCP directly resulted from ugly decisions that were made of ineffective leaders. Literature Review An search on EBSChost for the phrase effective leaderhip resulted in 6373 results.The term leadership traits resulted in 718 results. A combination of the previous terms effective leadership traits provided too set a literary argument with only nine research articles. A s earch for types of leaders generated 787 articles. Leadership paths find 151 results. A search for organizational leadership behaviors generated 23 results which defined a reasonable search parameter with adequate research articles to support this paper.

Developmental Assets in Education

The judge of growing awareness and evident usefulness of the developmental assets leaves the thinking human with only one option, to seek it. This piece tries to select from the forty listed three, which include Caring School Climate, School Engagement and Achievement Motivation. close to of these pose as a form of indirect though highly effective helping. According to Dewey and Tufts (1908, 390), the best kind of help to others, whenever possible, is indirect, and consists in such modifications of the conditions of life, of the general level of subsistence, as enables them independently to help themselves. closely of these assets empower people to help themselves. We pass on carefully throw to a greater extent(prenominal) light on these in this informative essay.Caring School Climate The School get alongs a sympathize with and encouraging fancying and playing milieu available. An atmosphere that considers others above oneself, where distributively person takes responsibi lity for the estimable of others, reduces emotional clutters as it fosters free time period of constructive optimistic emotion. This asset is desireed by both pupils and teachers because it builds a climate of trust, which serves as the bag of good leadership. The essence of a good learning environment, however, is making useful contribution to society.Education derives its full he contrivance when we are able to place of the much we have received back to others to make living easier on that pointby. A caring school climate is a potent tool that fosters sharing and good nurturing while scripting good habits into the being of altogether the people immersed in such a culture. It provides forgiving and giving to pupils and teachers alike, which is at the middle of all form of significant lifestyle.Lack of self-esteem is a product of learned helplessness. Introduction of a caring school climate will help build the proper estimation in pupils of themselves thereby restrain the occurrence of harmful practices.The school can commit to building this caring climate by nurturing a culture that recognizes people on assembly grounds and in public places by their names and praises pupils positive performance. Treat the negative practices as non existent and speak highly of the positive ones. These will give overdress to more of what is verbalized.School Engagement The School engages each young person actively in the endeavor to outstrip across knowledge. This often requires a deliberate exerting of influence. David Korten (1983, 220) terms it the central paradox of social development the need to exert influence over people for the purpose of building their capacity to control their own lives. The art of learning involves moving from the known familiar terrain to the unknown remote knowledge issues. In the bid to bridgework the gap, the school makes use of varying useful alternatives that make use of the human input zones i.e. the five senses.The more activel y randomness is passed across through multiple channels the better for the learning pupils. Some students learn better through what they see while many others through their experiences. The more options a teacher engages in actively passing across message in fanciful ways the more the likelihood of delivering information in sustainable excellent ways. Schools should make use of words, pictures, videos, texts and animations in passing across knowledge to her pupils. Since the alone essence of learning is understanding school teachers need to be more focused on creative techniques that actively engage the mind of the concerned pupils. Active learning holds the human attention span for chronic periods.A risk factor that could be strengthened is the encouragement of secrecy. Ill behavioral patterns grow in secrecy. Should a school encourage proper engagement of each pupil, openness will be fostered as each student gains the confidence to share their heart burdens with others who are ready to help. Education is a total append that must not be isolated.A useful activity that will uphold the school engagement is the cornerstone of instructive games in the explanation of complex course modules. This may be a little gnarly but will help a lot of pupils see the fun side of learning as they reach new levels of understanding thereby.Achievement Motivation Schools will need to help their pupils create and meet goals that give them a sense of fulfillment on realization. The use of class positions is not entirely bad in itself however, some more motivations need to be built into the learning system. Learning ought to be fun and that all the time. It will be observed that young people in the kindergarten enjoy learning more than those in the higher classes. This could be traced to the fact that they look forward to the fun of learning as each daytime approaches. Simple gift items and awards could be introduced to the normal school systems.This, where used, makes lea rning worth the effort to those who receive them and others who yen to have such. The direction of learning also should be made to traverse the major life skills, not just academics, so as to enhance robust success. Schools need to introduce rewards first on a general level and then for limited performances and behavioral patterns. The general reaffirms the confidence of each pupil, while the special places demand on their ability development. Rewarding good behavior will likely promote more of its occurrences.Students who under-perform do so primarily because of their levels of confidence. Pupils need to be helped to believe in themselves when it relates to learning new things. percentage students have a sense of drive towards achievement reduces the risk of failing with low grades for such students. Under-performance is not the core challenge but knowing how to combat it is more pertinent. Student who under-perform fall into one of some(prenominal) categories. Some have given up trying while others are not enjoying the fact that there is only one goal everyone strives to get. Increasing the opportunities for a sense of achievement for students will definitely promote better grades on end, but good grades should not be the sole motivation for all students in a class.To foster achievement motivation the school can provide plaques and certificates to reward punctuality, students attempt to service teachers question and cleanliness. People who try and fail in life are better of than those who never make an attempt. Hence schools should find creative ways to encourage and reward attempts.My personal philosophy of learning is Adding re assess to Others. I believe strongly that education cannot be said to be complete until the student has been guide to give back founder. From its Latin origin, educos the root word from which education flowed out stands for outflow. Hawkins (2000, 44) says that if we ask how the teacher- learner roles differ from those of master and slave, the answer is that the proper aim of teaching is precisely to affect those inner processes thatcannot in principle be made subject to external control, for they are just, in essence, the processes germane to independence, to autonomy, to self-control. These virtues independence, self-control and liberty are at the core of every truly educated mind and foster the habit of giving. This in essence means that the inseparable purpose of learning is giving. Hence the developmental assets contribute thusdevelopmental assets take on a holistic perspective to learning while it seeks to integrate learning as a societal cultural economic value and the interest of others as of higher priority than ours.These assets will contribute in enormous ways at all levels of the human development. These levels include primary, secondary and tertiary education levels. Each of the asset shows a continued two-way contributory flow of support i.e. the society adds value to pupil and vice versa.Developmental Assets are natural and not some high-sounding artificial concoctions. If implemented consciously, they will transform the educational systems while turning our societal environment into conscious positively charged value adding cultures.Developmental assets will bring more meaning to pupils learning and education as it places others above self, and in refresh true meaningful living.Developmental assets flow with intrinsic positive energies, which if carefully imbibed returns great dividends to all who experience its effects. In all developmental assets enrich the pupil, family, school, neighborhood and the larger community. If learned consciously with close attention, these assets have the intrinsic potential to revolutionize education through the creation of a holistic and integrated system.REFERENCESDewey, J. and Tufts, J. (1908). Ethics. New York heat content Holt.Hawkins, D. (2000). The Roots of Literacy. Boulder University Press of Colorado.Korten, David C . (1983). Social Development putting people first. In Bureaucracy and the brusk Closing the Gap. David Korten and Felipe Alfonso Eds. West Hartford CN Kumarian Press 201-21.

Human beings Essay

As human beings, we slightlytimes wonder why some things atomic number 18 the way they are. These questions come as a result of us being curious about what is roughly us. Man has to be aware of himself and his immediate environment. Generally, one of the basic characteristic of human beings is self-awareness and self- baring. Man finds himself doing some things and wonders why he is doing such things the way he/she is doing them. Thus, in order for man to function right in his society, he must understand some things about himself in order to unlock the closed book behind his behavioral pattern.This becomes important because self-discovery is the only way to understand ones place or position in the universe. Personally, I have sought to know how my life fits into my environment. For one, I weigh that things beginnert just happen and that man is not just created to fill an empty space. This has made me embark on a quest to understand what the land actually is and how I fit in to this mysterious introduction. I am a proponent of the purposeful universe and I opine, as opposed to the idea of Charles Darwin, that the world is essentially created to fulfill a purpose and that it is break dance of a master plan.Therefore whatsoever happens in this life, as I believe, is to fulfill a purpose and come from intent. The question here is who is the purposed the world and who is the master planner? In her book titled, The Hidden Heart of the founding, Brian Swimme maintained that the world is not a series of puzzle but an amazing mystery that shows the presence of God in severally(prenominal) passing phase. This essentially deviates from the theory of evolution. For Brian, we as adult male are at the center of the universe and our discovery of this fact exit determine make us appreciate the world we live in the more.He believes that not only is the universe a work of the divine, it is also supported by the will of the divine. Therefore, we will be making a categorical mistake by conceiving that things or occurrences in the world are merely a product of chance. From my point of view, I think that Brian Swimme has a point. This is because some things can not be explained from the point of Darwinism. For instance, as a child, I have always wondered which came first between the chicken and the egg.If eggs hatches into chickens and chickens lay eggs, then which one will we say came first? Although science can be credited for a lot of things that they have sought real explanations to, there are some things that go on scientific explanation. This is accounted for in the thought of Huston Smith. In his book titled Why Religion Matters The Fate of the benignant liveliness in an Age of Disbelief, he claims that scientism has taken over all spheres of our lives and we will be committing a mistake if we believe that its explanations are the only valid explanations.I believe that the world is a masterpiece and it is sustained by the master pl anner the silent onlooker who sees and sustains the universe with his power and in his might. Furthermore, I believe that since the world is created for a specific purpose, then man as an integral part of this universe is also created for a purpose, which is to be the representative of the divine here on earth. Consequently, this should make us pursue some values that will facilitate the purpose of the divine in this world.I believe that the divine has given man the power to make choices but that power should be tailored towards the exploit of the divine purpose. Liberty, as I believe, is not the right to do what we want but we are at liberty so that we can do what we have to do. As a result of these, I live with the consciousness of the fact that I have to fulfill my purpose. Personally, I believe that we as humans should value the equality of humanity and should treat each man as Immanuel Kant said we should treat each man as an end in themselves and never as a means to an end.I believe that we should strive for whatever will be considered virtuous by the divine. As human beings, we must seek to value each other by being truthful and faithful to one another. This, for me, is the greatest phase of respect that we can give one another.ReferenceHuston Smith, Why Religion Matters The Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age of Disbelief Harper Collins 2001 ISBN 0-06-067102-5, 14. 95 Brain Swimme The Hidden Heart of the Cosmos, Orbis, 1996 (1999, ISBN 1570752818)

LGBT and the country of Belize

A someone creation gay in his own state of matter is non a choice. We dont choose to be gay. I sure didnt choose to be, non to say that it is a bad thing. If it were a choice to be gay, I could choose to be uncoiled the day after or bisexual a couple months after that. The whole concept of being lesbian, gay bisexual or transgender should non scare anyone. Its because people dont understand that the individual(a) is the same person he or she knows and loves. Just because their sexual preference is different does not think of that you should hatred them or avoid them.That kind of stuff real hurts a person mentally, speaking from experience. linked Belize Advocacy Movement (UNIBAM) is a movement fighting for equality in Belize. The law does not shelter sexual penchant or gender identity. The criminal code states that carnal intercourse with any person against the order of nature shall receive a punishment of 10 years imprisonment. In practice the law was interpreted as in cluding just sex between men. The extent of discrimination based on sexual orientation was difficult to ascertain due to lack of reporting instances of discrimination through official channels.UNIBAM the countrys sole lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender advocacy organization, reported that continuing harassment and insults by the general public and police affected its activities, but its members were loath to file complaints. There were no gay pride marches organized during the year due to UNIBAM rank concerns over the publics possible adverse reaction. In December 2011, Barack Obama criticized nations that persecute homosexuals. In response, Hon.Dean Barrow, prime attend of Belize, reiterated, Belize would not change its anti-homosexuality stance. He argued that the issue is one for Belize to deal with and if the U. S. wanted to punish states by removing overseas aid for continuing such practice, then they will have to cut off their aid. When will it actually be dealt wit h? It is not fair that we get to suffer worse than those who are, as they say, normal. I only have my friends and my family to keep me sane in this country. I had to grow up being ridiculed for having feminine features.Others bullied LGBT persons in high school hate crimes being committed against the LGBT community. It is all so sad. Some of them say that Belize is not that bad, when in reality they are just in denial. Belize has too much ignorant close-minded assholes to horizontal comprehend what its like. I thank God for my friends and family everyday for being so accepting and engaging me for who I am. Its not that I hate my country Belize its just that I hate some of the people that make up the countrys population. Being gay in this country is nothing nice at all.We have to live in fear if we do something wrong that parliamentary law doesnt like so we dont get shot in the head or beaten to death. All I want for my country is for everyone to live peacefully and not to discrim inate anyone for lovable who they want. For me it doesnt matter who you are or where you come from or how much money you have in your pocket. When people talk about you to your face or behind your back, and when you feel bullied can you be brazen-faced enough to not give a fuck about what they say and just be yourself? A very inspiring woman said that and I live by it everyday.

Educational Assistance Essay

I am currently employed as a bagger at H-E-B and would very much like to be considered for the educational assistance program you laissez passer to employees. I want to go to college to be a pharmacist when I complete high aim and am already taking a pharmacy technician class along with my other classes. I discern H-E-B is a wonderful place to work, not just because I already work there terriblely because my father has worked as a truck driver there for 15 days. H-E-B is very steady, has good benefits and nigh importantly, treats their employees like family.I cant think of any other workplace that can maintain their employees loyalty like that. I know there is a growing need for pharmacists and with the way H-E-B has added delicatessens, floral dept and pharmacies to keep up with todays markets, I can get my degree and construct a part of all that. Pharmacists are in need more and more and cannot think of anywhere I would rather put my degree to work than H-E-B. All I ask for is the chance to constitute a registered pharmacist and join the pharmacy staff at H-E-B.This company has been around for 100 years and with the loyalty of people like myself and my father, will be around for many more. This is my chance to fulfill my reverie of becoming a pharmacist and advance my frighter within a company I care about. I sincerely hope you will grant my request for educational assistance and athletic supporter me arrest continue the H-E-B tradition of quality service and a family atmosphere. If you approve my request, I will work hard to make you glad you gave this opportunity and when I become a pharmacist, I will able to help the people who work and shop H-E-B on a regular basis.

Interview and National Political Research Paper

Interview and National Political - Research Paper ExampleNational indemnity of a country is in line with its manifesto and its aspirations towards the global relationship with outside being. National insurance policy serves in multiple ways it allows protecting the sovereignty of the state, presenting the states ideology and most importantly enables engaging into dialogue and mediation with outside world for the betterment of its economic, social and political condition. Syria is one uniform country that has a clearly defined national policy and foreign policy that allows it engaging into global relations. Based on its geo strategic immenseness Syria holds significance for number of reasons. These reasons stretch beyond geographic, social, political factors. It has gained importance in recent times due to the ongoing events in the region. The region in itself is of high importance considering the neighboring countries and the natural location. Keeping the global impact in vi ew, the Arab Spring that took off from Tunisia, was one similar event which engulfed fire in the neighboring countries. The aim of Arab spring was to eliminate the status quo. Since Syria also furious in the line of fire courtesy Bashar Al Asads status quo existence, the fire of spring penetrated thick-skulled into Syrian towns and cities triggering a civil war. The objective of this paper is to get a familiarity with the international politics and the world scenario. This is done through an interview conducting. The interview will allow understanding different facets of a interrogation study along with global politics and geography comprehension. The paper is divided into three major sections, the premier(prenominal) part deals with the geographic details of Syria, the second gives an insight into the form of government in place, while the terce entails Syrias relationship with United States of America. Brief overview of the country Syria is located in the Western Part of Asia . It is a Muslim populace country with different percentages of Shiite and Sunni followers amongst them. Other nations within Syria include Christians, Kurds and some traces of Turks atomic number 18 also visible in the country. Geographic location is of high importance and thereby makes it center of guardianship in the entire world. It is in the vicinity that includes Lebanon, Israel, and Turkey as its neighboring countries and their parades are mutually shared. Mediterranean Sea lies to its West and adds another point of importance on strategic front to its location. It also shares border with Jordan and Iraq making it one of the most entangled and attached country with other regional states. Modern mean solar day existence The modern day existence stretches back to the end of World War 1 when the potency system was introduced for the first time under the auspices of League of Nations. Syria was given under direct security department and guidance of France(Commins, 111). This was as a result of abolishing of Ottoman Empire. The second resurrection of Syria took place in 1946 (Darke , 12) right later First World War when a sovereign republic came into existence. The size of Syria is 186,745 (square kilo meter). The total universe of discourse of Syria is around 22 million. The characteristic of Syrian population is a multi cultural outlook consisting of Muslims and Christians in itty-bitty amount. Syrian people are largely hospitable they are fond of good food, traveling, outings in the topical anesthetic towns and cities. Their ways are depictive of Arabian culture, music is part of their culture, and so is art. Amongst the Muslims that constitute around 95